Tag: law

Origen’s “On First Principles” (Book II, Ch. 4.2)

Gary Pollard

[This is a continuing translation of Origen’s systematic theology in modern language]

It would take too long to gather every passage in the Gospels showing that the God of the Law and the God of the Gospel are one and the same. We’ll briefly look at the Acts of the Apostles. There, Stephen and the other apostles prayed to the God who made the sky and earth, who spoke through the prophets, and who is called “the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.” This was the same God who brought Israel out of Egypt. These compel us to have faith in the Creator and cultivate love for him in anyone who learns to think of him appropriately.

This fits with Jesus’s own teaching. When he was asked which commandment in the Law is greatest, he answered, “Love the Lord your God with all your heart, soul, and mind. And the second is like it: love your neighbor as yourself.” Then he added, “On these two commandments hang all the Law and the Prophets.” If he was training someone to become his disciple, why would he compel them to love the God of the Law, unless he recognized that God as the one true God?

But suppose, despite all these clear indications, someone insists that Jesus was speaking about some other, unknown God when he said, “Love the Lord your God with all your heart…” In that case, how could Jesus reasonably say that “the Law and the Prophets” depend on these two commandments? If the Law and the Prophets truly come from the Creator—as even the opponents admit—how could they depend on commandments that come from a different God? What is foreign to him cannot be said to hang on him.

Paul’s own words make this point even more clearly. When he writes, “I thank my God, whom I serve from my ancestors with a pure conscience,” he shows that he did not turn to a new or foreign deity when he came to Christ. Who are Paul’s ancestors, if not those about whom he says, “Are they Hebrews? So am I. Are they Israelites? So am I”? The opening of Romans makes the same point for anyone who understands Paul’s language. He begins with, “Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, set apart for the gospel of God, which he promised beforehand through his prophets in the holy Scriptures, concerning his Son, who was born from the seed of David according to the flesh and appointed Son of God in power by his resurrection…” This proves that the God Paul preached is the same God who spoke long ago through the prophets and promised the coming of Christ.

Paul also interprets the Law in ways that reveal its divine purpose for the church. When he quoted the command, “Do not muzzle the ox that is treading out the grain,” he asked, “Does God care about the ox, or was this written for our sake?” And he answered, “It was written to to benefit us,” meaning that the God who gave the Law gave it for the benefit of the apostles who preach the gospel. Elsewhere Paul embraces the promises attached to the Law, saying, “Honor your father and mother, which is the first commandment with a promise: that it may go well with you, and that you may live long on the land the Lord your God gives you.” By this he clearly showed that the Law, its God, and the promises attached to it are good in his sight.

Absolutely Subjective

Gary Pollard

Carl sourced several of the most commonly asked questions and gave me 70 of them to write about. So I’ll try to tackle a question or three every week for a while (or until something more interesting grabs my attention). This week’s question is, “Are all morals absolute? Where does morality come from?”

Morality concerns itself with the difference between right and wrong. Some things are always wrong: murder, sexual sin, theft, neglecting people in need, etc.

But are all morals absolute? 

Some things are wrong, but forgivable. Jesus used David as an example of this. Leviticus 24.9 said that a special kind of bread was for “Aaron’s descendants only.” In I Samuel, David (left with no other options) ate that bread. This was a sin. Jesus used this incident to prove God’s desire for “mercy over sacrifice” (cf. Mt 12.5-7). Rahab flat out lied about keeping Israelite spies in her home, but was praised as an example of faith because of her actions (Hb 11.31). Then, of course, there’s I John 5.16-17: There’s a type of sin that doesn’t lead to death, and a type that does.

The Bible also teaches — unambiguously — that some things are wrong for some people, and not wrong for others (Rom 14.23; I Cor 8.7-8). The message of those texts is: 1. “Keep your beliefs about these things a secret between you and God, because it’s a blessing to be able to do what you think is right without feeling guilty” (Rom 14.22). 2. “Never do anything that would cause a weaker Christian to mess up” (Rom 14.13, I Cor 8.9, cf. Mt 18.7). 

Where does humanity’s sense of right and wrong come from? 

Some things are self-evident to most people. Most people understand that killing someone for no good reason is morally wrong. Most people understand that taking something that belongs to someone else is wrong. Not everyone is this regulated, though — I Timothy 1.9 says that the law was made for people inclined to harm others. 

On the flip side, “sin gets its power from law” (I Cor 15.56, Rom 3.20, 5.20, 7.7-8), so we should be careful not to emphasize the regulation side of Christianity with people who are generally inclined to do the right thing. 

But some things are not second nature. Not everyone understands that chasing happiness (which is often conflated with euphoria, pleasure, and dopamine) at the expense of someone else’s character or feelings is wrong. Fornication and adultery fall into this category. There are many (often understandable) reasons someone might fall for these, but none of them are ultimately justifiable. Not everyone understands that ordering their lives around anything other than God, or giving immense adoration and respect to a human over God, is wrong (this is idolatry). Our understanding of what is morally right in these (and other related) areas comes from God. 

God’s standard of what’s right has always existed to benefit humanity, prevent abuse of the vulnerable, to give us the most fulfilling life here, and to make us eligible for rescue when Jesus returns. Morality is an extension of God’s existence. It is the first and last line of defense against darkness. This Earth is still around, so bad people and bad things still exist. God gave us a standard of right and wrong that we can’t always live up to, and that’s where grace comes in. But some things are always very wrong and can’t be practiced by anyone who wants to live forever. 

It Ain’t Me

Gary Pollard

One of the most difficult things (at least for me) to accept about grace is this: There’s nothing we can do to deserve it, or be “worthy” of it. When I sin, it just makes me feel even more unworthy. This can quickly devolve into apathy — why even try? Every sin seems to compound, every prayer for strength seems ignored. If prayers for strength are ignored, surely prayers for forgiveness are, too! 

This mentality is not a healthy one. But how does one go from an intellectual understanding of grace’s power to accepting the reality of human imperfection? How do we prevent defeat in the aftermath of mistakes? If there’s a fix-all answer to this, I haven’t found it. 

Perhaps the answer is a lack of faith. At its core, faith is really confidence — that God exists, that he rewards people who try hard to have a relationship with him, that his grace is enough for us because his power is most effectively displayed through weakness. 

Maybe it’s disbelief. Does Jesus really forgive us when we sin? Yeah, Paul says “I don’t understand why I act the way I do. I don’t do the good I want to do, and I do the evil I hate. … But I am not really the one doing the evil. It is sin living in me that does it” (Rom 7.15, 17, 20). But later he says, “You are not ruled by your sinful selves. You are ruled by spirit, if God’s spirit really lives in you” (8.9). What does he mean by “ruled”? If I can’t seem to avoid sin, am I not ruled by it? What about Rom 6.2? “So do you think we should continue sinning so that God will give us more and more grace? Of course not! Our old sinful life ended. It’s dead. So how can we continue living in sin?” Which is it? Are we ok because we sin even when we don’t want to? Or are we in trouble because we’re not immune to sin? Maybe this would be better classed under confidence, but it’s so hard to believe that God still wants a relationship with people who claim to love him while vulnerable to sin’s influence. 

Scripture seems to clear this up, if we can only accept its significance: “We know that the law is spiritual, but I am not. I am so human. Sin rules me as if I were its slave. I don’t understand why I act the way I do. I don’t do the good I want to do, I do the evil I hate. And if I don’t want to do what I do, that means I agree that the law is good” (Rom 7.14-16). 

The question each person seems to have to answer is, “Do I really hate sin’s influence in my life?” God knows the true answer to that question. Romans 6.12 says, “Don’t let sin control your life here. You must not be ruled by the things your sinful self makes you want to do.” A few verses later, “In the past you were slaves to sin and you did not even think about doing right.” Verse 23, in the context of these chapters, says that all people are going to die physically because every human has sinned. But all who despise sin (while still vulnerable to its influence) and follow God will be “no longer under death’s power” because Jesus defeated sin’s ultimate punishment. 

We can’t avoid death, just like we can’t avoid sin. Where our heart really is makes the difference. “So I have learned this rule: When I want to do good, evil is there with me. In my mind I am happy with God’s law. But I see another law working in my body. That law makes war against the law that my mind accepts. That other law working in my body is the law of sin, and that law makes me its prisoner.” 

God knows we’re human. God knows we’re weak and constantly fighting sin’s influence. We’re not God, we’re not impervious to its control. Even Paul said, “What a miserable person I am! Who will save me from this body that brings me death?” The answer is Jesus, the one who will rescue us from our current bodies if our “minds serve God’s law, even as our bodies serve the law of sin” (7.25). 

Finally, “Now there is no more condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus. This is because the law of the spirit of life that comes from Christ Jesus has freed us from the law of sin and death. … God used a human life to destroy sin.” What does this mean? This means if we live to do what God wants us to do, he will give our bodies life on the last day (8.11). We’re never going to be free of sin’s influence in our lives, but we choose our masters. Will we pursue sin with our hearts and actions, or will we serve God with our hearts while the weakness of sin only makes us anticipate freedom (8.18ff) even more? We aren’t doing this alone — we have Jesus defending us (I Jn 2.1-2) and we have God searching our intent (Rom 8.26-27). 

“We know that everything God made has been waiting in pain like a woman ready to give birth to a child. Not just the created world, either — we’ve also been waiting with pain inside us. We have the spirit as the first part of God’s promise. So we are waiting for God to finish making us his children. I mean we are waiting for our bodies to be made free.” 

FORD

Gary Pollard

One of the greatest gas engines ever made was Ford’s 300L6. That thing will run without any oil for some time, and you’d have to be paying attention to know it’s low on oil. I once drove from Littleton, Colorado, to Ft Collins, Colorado, and back (total of about 150 miles) with zero oil in a 1972 F-100 and it was fine(ish). But the life expectancy of any engine in that condition is radically diminished, even in such a well-designed platform. 

Our bodies are incredibly complex and we still don’t fully understand them. Half our medications have in their literature something like, “We don’t know how this works, but we think it…” We’re well-made engines running without oil because of sin. We’ll run, but we’re destined to die because sin runs us dry. 

Romans 5.18 says, One sin of Adam brought the punishment of death to all people. 

Romans 8.2 says, In Christ Jesus the law of the spirit that brings life made you free. It made you free from the law that brings sin and death. 

Romans 5.12 says, Sin came into the world because of what one man did. And with sin came death. So this is why all people must die — because all people have sinned. 

Romans 6.23 says, When people sin, they earn what sin pays — death.

I John 5.16 says, There is a sin that leads to death. 

John 8.21 says, Jesus said to the people, “I will leave you. You will look for me, but you will die in your sin. You cannot come where I am going.” A few verses later, If you don’t believe that I AM, you will die in your sins. 

No Death

Gary Pollard

Many substances give a temporary feeling of euphoria/well-being while harming the cells and systems of our bodies. Some of them don’t alter our state of consciousness (refined sugar, salt, tobacco products), some of them do (alcohol, amphetamines, narcotics). Sin is the transcendent version of those things — it often makes us feel good for a little while, but always leads to death. 

Sin is simultaneously opposed to law (I Jn 3) and uses law to kill us (Rom 6-8). This is a very confusing dynamic at first, but it all comes down to the heart. Paul says that a heart set on God is going to sin, but not because it wants to. It’s because sin uses our weakness compared to the standard of God’s law to trip us up. John says that we’ll always have sin, and that not all sins lead to eternal death. What John and Paul both agree on is this — we are totally powerless by ourselves, but God’s grace covers our mistakes. 

Sin is also a relentless, enslaving force. Few passages more clearly demonstrate this than Romans 6-8. This discourse seems almost contradictory at several points, but I believe this is by design. There is a constant tension between gratitude for grace and recognition of our own sinful nature. I believe this is stated the way it is to keep us in the proper mindset. On the one hand, we have God’s grace and that covers our sins. On the other, we don’t want to run too far with it and fall from grace. This section details a struggle within each Christian to serve God only, while our bodies furiously pull us towards sinful actions and thoughts. Paul’s conclusion at the end is two-fold: Wretched man that I am, who will deliver me from this body that only brings me death and There is no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus.

Deuteronomy: The Second Giving Of The Law (XXX)

Moses’ Last Sermon (29:1-29)

Neal Pollard

The sermon actually spans two chapters, ending at 30:20. It is delivered “in the land of Moab” (1). It bears the concluding remarks you would expect from a man who is summing up all that he’s already said. Notice the “you have” statements (2,6,17) and the “I have” statement (5) which serves to review where they have been under the steady hand of Moses’ leadership. 

They were delivered by God’s power (2-3), preserved and provided for by God’s benevolent hand (4-5), and protected by God’s wisdom (6). They were enabled to defeat their enemies by God’s help (7-8) and endowed with the privilege of entering covenant with God from their greatest to their smallest citizen (9-13). God is establishing this covenant not only with those present, but for those who would come to know of it who were not there that day (14-18). Moses warns that no one could coast on the righteousness of the nation, being stubborn in heart, without facing the wrath and judgment of a God who would not forgive such rebelliousness (19-21).

In fact, future generations were going to need to have this covenant refreshed for their understanding (22-29). If they lived in the wake of Israel’s unfaithfulness and felt the brunt of the curses outlined in Moses’ previous sermon, then this sermon would provide the answer to their questions: “Why has the Lord done thus to this land? Why this great outburst of anger?” (24). They would have to say, “Because they forsook the covenant of the Lord, the God of their fathers, which He made with them when He brought them out of the land of Egypt. They went and served other gods and worshiped them, gods whom they have not known and whom He had not allotted to them. Therefore, the anger of the Lord burned against that land, to bring upon it every curse which is written in this book; and the Lord uprooted them from their land in anger and in fury and in great wrath, and cast them into another land, as it is this day” (25-28). 

It is in this context that we read a passage often-quoted out of its context, that the secret things belong to God and the things which are revealed are to be observed and obeyed (29). Only God knows the future, but He has revealed the Law for them. Predictably, if they keep what God has revealed they would enjoy blessings unimaginable. If they rebelled against God’s written revelation, they should anticipate wrath and punishment that they could not predict or fully anticipate. It is true that we should not overly speculate about things God has chosen not to reveal to us, but Moses’ point here is that the future is foreknown only by God (Isa. 46:9-10). We have no reason to fear it because of what God has revealed. There are no surprises on the final exam! 

Deuteronomy: The Second Giving Of The Law (XV)

Mourning, Mealtime, And Money (14:1-29)

Neal Pollard

The instructions in chapter 14 are necessary to keep Israel distinct from the influences of the Canaanites or any other non-covenantal people whom they might encounter. They would witness customs and see foods they might want to incorporate which were unrighteous, unhealthy, or otherwise unacceptable to God. So, Moses prefacing his words by reminding them they are sons of God (1), holy (2), and chosen (2). Though prohibitions like those in this chapter are removed in Christ (Mark 7:19; Acts 10:15; 1 Tim. 4:4-5), this principle abides: “But you are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for God’s own possession, so that you may proclaim the excellencies of Him who has called you out of darkness into His marvelous light” (1 Pet. 2:9). 

They were to be different in their reaction to death (1-2). We’re not told what was abominable about cutting themselves or shaving their heads (1), but “the external appearance of the people should reflect their internal status as the chosen and holy people of God” (Wenham, NICOT, 272). Moses had issued these warnings in his inspired writing in the book of Leviticus (19:27-28; 21:5-6). Merrill points to a later example that shows the pagan superstition of the prophets of Baal in cutting themselves to try and rouse their god (1 Ki. 18:28)(236). 

They were to be different in their dietary consumption (3-21). Moses introduces two categories of animals, divided into “clean” (11,20) and “unclean” (7,8,10,19). He uses synonymous ways to speak of these categories. The unclean are also called “detestable” (3) or he simply gives the various reasons why they are forbidden, like those who have certain anatomical features or eating habits as well as situations like dying of itself (21). With this, he gives a list of animals who can be eaten.

They were to be different in their relationship to material things (22-27). Throughout the Old Testament, we see sacrifices offered to false gods. This is the more thoughtful, proactive practice of giving a tenth of one’s produce or its monetary equivalent (25). In part, this contribution took care of the Levite who would have no territorial inheritance (27-29). As God gave them the ability to labor and blessed the fruit of their labor, they were to show their gratitude by sacrificing of their yield. 

The ways that we are different from the world today, as Christians, mirrors Israel in some ways and in some ways. We are to give back from our prosperity, though how much is not stipulated. Instead, our attitude of gratitude should show cheerfulness and eagerness (2 Cor. 8-9). Yet, being under a better covenant with better promises (Heb. 8:5-6), surely we will not be looking to give God scraps, leftovers, and crumbs (see Mal. 1:8; 3:8-10). We are to be good stewards of our bodies, but our food is not regulated in the way it was under Moses (see first paragraph). We sorrow over loved ones who die, but it can and should be different if we mourn Christian loved ones (1 Thess. 4:13). 

The idea of being distinct is woven into both Testaments. We saw that in our remarks about chapter 13, that God wants His people set apart and holy to Him (cf. Lev. 11:44-45; 1 Pet. 1:15-16). That is best demonstrated by the inner person (Rom. 7:22; 2 Cor. 4:16), but will be obvious through our obedient, God-glorifying deeds (Mat. 5:13-16). 

Deuteronomy: The Second Giving Of The Law (V)

The Power Of The Law (4:1-40)

Neal Pollard

In the New Testament, we are going to read about the superiority of the New Covenant over the Old (Heb. 8:6-10:18). But, even in touting the superiority of faith in Christ over the Law, Paul calls it holy (Rom. 7:12) and good (Rom. 7:16). It’s deficiency was in man’s shortcoming to fully keep it, not in the ordinances or statutes themselves. Yet, before Christ, they were kept in custody under the law (Gal. 3:23ff). Moses says, “listen to the statutes and the judgments which I am teaching you to perform, so that you may live and go in and take possession of the land which the Lord, the God of your fathers, is giving you” (1). 

The Law Exhorts (1-14)

He begins by stating emphatically that this Law could not be altered either by addition or subtraction (2). Its benefit was in keeping it just as God gave it. This law was to govern and guide them in the new land they were about to take possession of. When they kept it, the people would see through their obedience what a special and loved people they were in the sight of God (6-8). The Law contained reminders of where they had been and what had happened in the past, both good and bad (9-14). Life and blessing would be the consequence of this revelation. It brought honor in the eyes of men and favor in the eyes of God. 

The Law Warns (15-31)

We see the warning in words and phrases like “watch yourselves carefully” (15,23) and “beware” (19). The warning here centered especially around them turning to something in substitution for their faithfulness to God. He is speaking more thoroughly here about the second commandment which he will restate as part of the second giving of the ten commandments in the next chapter (5:8-10). 

The basis of the warning is what it would do to them–it would be corrupting (16) and the source of their swift perishing (26). The warning is also because of what it would cause them to do–be drawn away and worship and serve them (19). Further, the warning is because of what God would do to them if they gave themselves over to it–scatter them among the nations and cause their numbers to be decimated (27). Moses reminds them, “For the Lord your God is a consuming fire, a jealous God” (24) and idolatry would provoke Him to anger (25). 

God did not want the relationship to be marked by threat and punishment. These are forewarnings, for their own spiritual good. Even if they fell prey to them but genuinely, wholeheartedly repented, God would restore them (29-30). The God who warns through His Word “is a compassionate God; He will not fail you nor destroy you nor forget the covenant with your fathers which He swore to them” (31). 

The Law Gives Relationship (32-40)

Thus, with the blessings and cursing of the Law set before them in brief, God reminds them of the unprecedented relationship He had entered with them. No one had ever known a relationship with their gods, much less the God of gods, as Israel would enjoy (32-36). The foundation of this relationship was love (37). It was proven by His sovereign choice (37). Because of this relationship, God would stand at the front of their armies and fight for them (38), and He would bless their children and grandchildren with life and land (40). He wants them to take this to heart (39) so that they would play their part in this special relationship (40).

The Law of Moses was to be their national, political, and spiritual governance. It would remind them of their past, reinforce them in their present, and reassure them of their prospects. It was the mind of God revealed, the way He wanted them to go and the ways He wanted them to avoid. As their maker and redeemer, He knew what was best for them and what would hurt them. Israel needed to trust that, so Moses takes the time to lay the groundwork for the retelling of the commandments. They needed this foundation. 

Thoughts On Love (Part 2)

Gary Pollard

Love for other people means taking care of them, even if we don’t like them. We’re also expected to love God with all of our heart, soul, mind, and strength. How is it possible to show love to God the same way we show love to people? It isn’t possible, because God needs nothing. Everything we have comes from him, so we cannot give him anything he doesn’t already have. 

Jesus told a story about two sons. Their father asked them to work in the field — one of them said, “I will,” the other said, “I won’t.” The one who agreed to work never went to the fields, and the one who didn’t want to work eventually worked. Who actually did what their dad asked them to do? 

We show love for God by doing what he wants us to do, even if we don’t want to do it. It’s very difficult (often bordering impossible) to love our enemies. But if we love God, we’ll love our enemies. In our current political climate, it’s very tempting to violate the unconstitutional policies that have been shoved down our throats for decades. But if we love God, we’ll follow every law that doesn’t demand sin on our part. If we ever reach a point where our physical safety is threatened because of our faith, we will remain passive if we love God. 

Having love for God means doing what he wants us to do. John makes it very clear that we cannot love God and hate other humans at the same time. We cannot love God and neglect our Christian family. The point of love is to prove the goodness of God! If we love God with all of our heart, soul, mind, and strength, the natural expression of this is to take care of the people God created! Loving God means emulating his nature — God is love. He proved this by sacrificing his son while we were neck-deep in violating everything he holds sacred. We deserved nothing, and he gave us everything. If we love God, we try to emulate that level of sacrifice for other people. 

From Shadow to Reality:

Embracing the New Covenant in Hebrews

Brent Pollard

The Book of Hebrews is a crucial piece of writing that serves as a bridge between the Old and New Testaments. It demonstrates how the arrival of Jesus Christ fulfilled old promises. The narrative in the text shows how the old covenant, which relied on law and sacrifice, transformed into the new covenant, which operates through grace and redemption. This transformation is evident in chapters 8-10. Though God made the old covenant, it was only a temporary solution until the perfect one arrived – Christ’s selfless love. The text explains how something was amiss with the old covenant, but Christ’s sacrifice provided the ultimate solution to this problem.

Even though people performed the holy rituals and sacrifices of the old covenant with devotion, those actions were only a representation of what Christ could accomplish. In Hebrews 10.1, the author states that Jesus fulfilled what was happening in heaven, and the Tabernacle and its sacrifices only served as mere shadows. As our everlasting High Priest, Christ’s work goes beyond the earthly Tabernacle. He entered the heavenly sanctuary to offer His blood instead of animal blood, which secured our eternal salvation (Hebrews 9.11–12).

Jesus brings a better covenant based on better promises as we move from darkness to light (Hebrews 8.6). His sacrifice was a one-time offering that cleanses our consciences and allows us to have a relationship with God without hindrance (Hebrews 9.14). The key to this new covenant is Jesus’ sacrifice. Unlike the old covenant written in stone, God writes the new covenant in people’s hearts. It transforms people from within and empowers them to serve God with faithfulness (Hebrews 8.10).

The transition from the Old Covenant to the New Covenant brought a significant change not only in the way people worshipped God but also in how God related to them. With Jesus’ death, a new way opened up for us to confidently enter the Most Holy Place (Hebrews 10.19–20). Jesus acted as the mediator and witness of this new covenant. Under the old covenant, people observed the Day of Atonement once a year, which reminded them of their sins. However, Christ’s sacrifice is complete, sufficient, and everlasting (Hebrews 10.12–14).

The teaching in Hebrews serves as an encouragement for Jewish Christians to keep their faith strong by choosing the fullness of Christ’s sacrifice over the old covenant’s useless rules. This message is just as relevant today for all believers. We should celebrate the new covenant that Christ’s death made possible, which is not just a covenant of temporary rituals but an everlasting inheritance. The New Testament calls us to lead a holy life, have faith that we will be saved, and develop a personal and life-changing relationship with God. In short, the new covenant is superior in every sense as it completes God’s story of redemption and sets us on a path of eternal fellowship with Him.

Understanding the difference between the old and new covenants is as important today as in the early church. It not only helps us to understand the history of the Bible, but it also shapes how we practice our faith, dropping old rituals in favor of worship and service per a new, living faith. This change requires reassessing traditional practices. One such practice needing reevaluation by many professing the name of Christ in light of the new covenant is using mechanical instruments in worship. This topic is debated among believers, as some argue it aligns with the spirit of worship under the new covenant. However, it reflects an attachment to old practices that the new covenant has rendered obsolete since those like David, the writer of songs accompanied by musical instruments, lived under the old covenant.

The Hebrews writer states that, in contrast, we under the new covenant offer up the fruit of our lips (Hebrews 13.15). It’s the Spirit’s guidance that leads us to worship in truth and spirit (see John 4.23-24), pointing to a faith that is vibrant and active, rooted in the internal transformation Christ’s sacrifice brings. To fully realize the benefits of the new covenant, embracing this spirit-led rule of faith—secured by Jesus’ blood—is essential. Our worship and devotion to God should thus reflect the inner change wrought by Christ instead of a reliance on outdated rituals. As we navigate these changes, it is the heart transformed by Jesus that directs our service, a theme as central to the message of Hebrews as it is to our contemporary journey of faith.

…

The Advantages Of Faith

Neal Pollard

Paul settles into the heart of his argument and thesis of the epistle to the Galatians in 3:1-14. It is a letter full of contrasts–law and gospel, Spirit and flesh, Jew and Gentile, circumcision and uncircumcision, slave and free, Jerusalem of earth and above, Abraham’s seed of old and now, and faith with works of law (2:16), There is no mistaking Paul’s decided emphasis upon the advantages of faith, a word he uses 22 times in 20 verses of Galatians. He also uses the verb form an additional four times (2:7,16; 3:6,22). In this paragraph, Paul reminds these Christians that false teachers (1:6-9) were “bewitching” them into believing they were required to submit to “works of the law” in order to be acceptable to Christ. Relying on that threatened to render their Christian lives “vain” (4). It would make them “foolish” (1,3). 

Positively, Paul makes his case for the pure, true gospel of Christ by highlighting what they gain by faith in Him. Notice what he says.

  • One receives the Spirit by faith (2-3,5,14). While Paul is talking about the miraculous work of the Spirit as part of this discussion (5), he also seems to be referring to the indwelling of the Spirit common to all who are in Christ (cf. Acts 2:38; Gal. 3;14; 4:6). The benefits of that are multiplied. We are perfected (3:3). We eagerly wait for the hope of righteousness (5:5). We do not gratify the desires of the flesh (5:16). We bear the right fruit (5:22-23). We live spiritual lives, keeping in step with the Spirit (5:25). We ultimately reap eternal life (6:8). The Holy Spirit never directly operated on the hearts of Christians, never interfered with man’s free will. One cannot rightly claim that the Spirit is moving him or her to do “X” or not do “Y,” imparting divine revelation apart from God’s revealed word in the Bible. Yet, neither should we discount or minimize the great blessing of God’s indwelling presence that comes by faith (Rom. 8:11; 1 Cor. 6:19; 2 Tim. 1:14). 
  • One suffers with purpose by faith (4). Paul teaches this by asking, “Did you suffer so many things in vain—if indeed it was in vain?” Much as Paul argues the vanity of suffering if there is no resurrection (1 Cor. 15:2), he argues that suffering for Christ is pointless without faith in His life, death, resurrection, and total rule and authority. Why are we willing to be ridiculed, ostracized, and rejected by friends, family, co-workers, fellow-students, and others, if not for faith in Christ?
  • One is counted righteous by faith (6). Abraham lived 430 years before the Law (17), but he was justified. How? By faith. Paul is telling the Galatians they are not counted righteous by law, but by faith. So are we.
  • One is a child of Abraham by faith (7). Paul is going to continue to develop this throughout the chapter and into the next chapter. We are spiritual descendants of Abraham by faith in Christ, not by the works of law (29). 
  • One is justified by faith (8). We looked at justification in chapter two, but remember that it means to be made righteous. Law does not do that. Faith in Christ does. 
  • One is blessed by faith (8-10,13,14). Paul’s point is that to be justified by law, one would have to keep all of it perfectly. None of us can do that! The blessing is that because Christ became a curse for us (13), we can be blessed by trusting in that sacrifice. I strive to live a sin-free life, but because I cannot perfectly do so I am blessed by Him as I walk in His light (1 John 1:7). 
  • One lives by faith (11-12). The “living” in this context is not primarily referring to living on earth, but ultimately living eternally with God after this life. We enter into a spiritual condition of life by our obedient faith, and we ultimately escape spiritual death by faith! 

Sadly, the influence of some in religious error can make us shy away from faith as well as grace. Faith and grace can be misunderstood, causing people to minimize the importance and necessity of obedience (12). But, if we are not careful, we can lose sight of the Christ we are to obey. We can trust in ourselves and our works, forgetting that He is the power. Without His saving work, nothing we do would matter at all. It is never “faith alone” that saves. Even in this chapter, faith leads one to be baptized and thereby clothed with Christ (26-27). It never could have entered Paul’s mind to argue that faith does not have works of obedience which accompany them. He is combating a mindset that argued that one’s salvation came because of the works (in context, the works of the Old Law) rather than the saving power of Christ. Who or what do you trust in? 

Thoughts On Teaching

Gary Pollard

I Timothy 1.7 calls out the problem at Ephesus directly: there were members who were eager to teach but had no business doing so. This is, unfortunately, one of the bigger issues facing the church today. Some take the approach of emphasizing regulations and rules and prohibitions, which is what these bad influences were doing (as well as teaching that the resurrection had already occurred). 

1.8-10 gives us some guidance on when prohibitive teachings are appropriate: We know that the law is good if used correctly. We also know that the law is not made for those who do what is right. It is made for those who are opposed to the law and refuse to follow it. The law is for sinners who are against God and all that is pleasing to him. It is for those who have no interest in spiritual things, namely those who kill their parents or anyone else. It’s for people who commit sexual sins, for homosexuals, for people who kidnap and sell other people into slavery, for people who always tell lies, for people who lie under oath, and for people who are against God’s true teaching. 

Thankfully, that doesn’t apply to the overwhelming majority of Christians! The goal of our instruction should be to encourage love from a pure heart, a good conscience, and a genuine faith. We do this by teaching positive commands (ie, “we should do this”) as opposed to negative ones (ie, “we should not do this”). While there is a time and place for teaching the prohibitions in scripture, there should be balance in this. 

Comfortable Being Uncomfortable

Steve Candela

As many of you know I have a way of relating my lesson around the fire service and I’m going to do that again here tonight. But some of you may not understand the similarities the fire service has to the Church. Let me give you short list of comparisons. It is a brotherhood. We are a family. We watch out for each other. Call each other out when we stumble. Get each other back on the right path when we go astray. We push each other. And like every one of you, we support each other. We lift each other up when we’re struggling. And we always seek to find the best in one another.

At the firehouse we’ve adopted a saying from the US Navy seals that says “Get Comfortable Being Uncomfortable”. If you can be comfortable being uncomfortable, you’ll be prepared to handle whatever situation comes along in your own life. “For we know that the Law is spiritual, but I am of flesh, sold into bondage to sin. For what I am doing, I do not understand; for I am not practicing what I would like to do, but I am doing the very thing I hate. But if I do the very thing I do not want to do, I agree with the Law, confessing that the Law is good. So now, no longer am I the one doing it, but sin which dwells in me. For I know that nothing good dwells in me, that is, in my flesh; for the willing is present in me, but the doing of the good is not” (Rom. 7:14-18).

Who gets uncomfortable just reading that? Paul is talking about the flesh, his sinful nature, not his new nature in Christ. All the good in Paul’s life comes from Christ living in him, rather than originating in Paul. While the inability to do what is righteous and holy highlights humanity’s sinful nature, it also demonstrates the goodness of the law, in contrast to the power of sin. As we are in pursuit of Jesus, we are dumbfounded by our ability to do something, well, ignorant. At times we might ask ourselves, why did I do that? That’s not going to get me any closer to Christ. The struggle is real. But Paul also points out the Grace of God is sufficient in our failings and our weaknesses. See at the firehouse for me, we are placed in uncomfortable situations almost every day. It could be out on an accident scene where no one has any regard for a big red truck with lights on in the road. Could be in a fire trying to put it out or search for victims. Or it might just be at the station behind closed doors having those difficult discussions with the ones we work with and care about. However getting comfortable with being uncomfortable does not mean to be complacent or use our flesh as a reason to sin. It means we need to stay vigilant and prepared. We need to understand that when we fall short of the goal, or we just miss the mark all together, the grace from God is there to lift us back up.

I have one other saying I’d like to share from our firehouse with you that hits home every time I say it. “Would you want you rescuing you?” We have one of the most physically demanding jobs in the world. The decisions we make and the actions we take have very real consequences. On each and every call we are working to increase the chance of survival for our fellow man. This mission is driven by perfected skills and physical preparation. It is our responsibility to show up physically prepared and hold ourselves accountable to the oath we swore (Eph. 6:10-17).

As Christians the decisions we make and the actions we take have very real consequences. Are we working each and every day to save our soul? Our mission is clear. The word of God provides us everything we need to extinguish evil. It is our individual responsibility to remain prepared and hold ourselves accountable to the oath we swore.

Daniel’s Trust

Carl Pollard

Daniel’s Trust

There are a plethora of men and women in the Old Testament who we can look to as an example of faith. Abraham, Joseph, Joshua, Sarah, and many more. However one of the strongest examples of true faith in God is found in the book of Daniel. Daniel is someone we would say was a faithful servant of God. No matter the circumstances, he would put his trust in God. Even in the toughest times, Daniel remained a servant for the Father. One instance where Daniel showed this incredible trust is found in Daniel 6. 

Daniel was apart of the kings appointed wise men. However, the other wise men in the kingdom were jealous of Daniel and wanted to have him killed. So they went to the king and asked for a decree to be made which stated that only the king could be prayed to. they did this knowing that Daniel prayed constantly to God. Despite this decree, Daniel trusted in God even though he faced dire consequences if he prayed to God. 

Daniel 6:10-11, 16-17, “When Daniel knew that the document had been signed, he went to his house where he had windows in his upper chamber open toward Jerusalem. He got down on his knees three times a day and prayed and gave thanks before his God, as he had done previously. Then these men came by agreement and found Daniel making petition and plea before his God. Then the king commanded, and Daniel was brought and cast into the den of lions. The king declared to Daniel, “May your God, whom you serve continually, deliver you!” And a stone was brought and laid on the mouth of the den, and the king sealed it with his own signet and with the signet of his lords, that nothing might be changed concerning Daniel.” 

The king banned prayer to anyone other than himself, but upon learning this Daniel still fell to his knees and prayed. In fact, the moment he learned that the document had be signed, he left and went to go pray to God. 

In a culture that is consistently moving further and further from Gods Word, how will His people respond? In our lives today do we show this kind of faith and trust in God? Do we understand the consequences, but still choose to obey God? Sadly many today have a faith that is dependent on circumstances. But we must be like Daniel. We should have a full trust in God to deliver us in our trials and understand that He is in control. 

If prayer was outlawed, would you publicly show your faith in God? If going to church was made illegal, would you still show up on Sunday morning? These are situations that will hopefully never happen, but if they do I pray that we will be like Daniel in our response.

The Greatest Sermon Ever Preached (Praught)

Tuesday’s Column: Dale Mail

It’s sounds wrong— but it makes sense! 

Praught definition: (nonstandard) Simple past tense and past participle of preach

Speaking of praught…

Matthew chapter five records the greatest sermon ever praught. This has been known as the “Declaration of the Kingdom” and the “Sum of Jesus.” It’s powerful and it covers nearly all aspects of the Christian walk. It covers topics that are still relevant and close to home for every person on the planet— past or present. It breaks down as follows.

1-12 “The blessed ones”

13-16 “salt, light, cities”

17-48 “understanding the law of God” 

Jesus makes His way to the top of the mountain and His listeners stands while Jesus is seated. 

“After sitting down He opened his mouth to teach.” 5.2 

Someone commenting on this seemingly small detail said, 

“It is not superfluous to say that ‘he opened his mouth, and taught them,’ for he had taught them often when his mouth was closed.”

The sermon on the mount is a lesson on the totality of life. Jesus teaches the objective truth. He said what was needed, and not what was necessarily easy to say. He preached the truth and He did so perfectly and with perfect love. It would be worth our while to familiarize ourselves with this lesson especially in the world we’re living in today. Jesus told us what to tell others. Let’s live for and like Jesus this week. 

Dale Pollard

If The Blind Lead The Blind

Sunday’s Column: Learning From Lehman

Kason Eubanks

In Matthew 15:14, Jesus said, “If the blind lead the blind both will end up falling in a pit.” Moses taught Joshua and Joshua knew what to do, but now Joshua would have to go without Moses. Joshua could still be a successful leader without Moses being with him, as long as he followed the way Moses set for him. I have three points to share with you today.

The first one is that God was with him. In Joshua 1, towards the end of verse 5, God said as he was with Moses he will always be with Joshua. Let’s say you just started a new job and have no idea what you’re doing. Your boss is never there and your coworkers don’t know what to do either. The job wouldn’t be a good job and you would be very unsuccessful. Joshua had to remember that God was with him because he had seen all the things that Moses had done when God was with Moses. Just as Moses had done, Joshua could do the same things with God by his side. In Matthew 28:20, just like with Joshua, God promises to be with us.

The second point is that Joshua had to be strong and courageous. According to Webster’s dictionary, courage means the quality of mind that enables a person to face difficulty, danger, pain, etc., with firmness and without fear. On your job during the week you go through pain but you know what’s coming at the end of it so you go through anything to get that paycheck. Going back to the first point, God was with Joshua. Joshua should have had no fear because God was with him. Joshua 1:6-7 says “Be strong and courageous, for you shall cause these people to inherit the land that I swore to their fathers to give them. Only be strong and very courageous, being careful to do according to all the law that Moses my servant commanded you. Do not turn from it to the right hand or to the left, that you may have good success wherever you go.” What we need to do is be like Joshua and learn from our parents or even other people in the congregation so that we can not only learn to do what is commanded but what we need to teach others. Joshua was not the only one who needed to be strong and courageous, we all do. Tom staltman is the world’s strongest man. He’s pretty strong but no one can match the strength of Christian’s if we follow God’s word.

The last point is that Joshua had to read the word of God regularly and stick with it. The reason he had to read and memorize the word was so that he could faithfully lead God’s people in the right direction. Joshua 1:7-8 says, “Only be strong and very courageous, being careful to do according to all the law that Moses my servant commanded you. Do not turn from it to the right hand or to the left, that you may have good success wherever you go. This Book of the Law shall not depart from your mouth, but you shall meditate on it day and night, so that you may be careful to do according to all that is written in it. For then you will make your way prosperous, and then you will have good success.” 

If we read the word of God and meditate on it and remember it, we will be very successful in all that we do. I would like to end this point by reading a couple of passages. Psalm 1:1-2 tells us,  “Blessed is the man who walks not in the counsel of the wicked, nor stands in the way of sinners, nor sits in the seat of scoffers; but his delight is in the law of the Lord, and on his law he meditates day and night.“ And the other passage is Matthew 4:4, where Jesus answered, ‘Man shall not live by bread alone but by every word that comes from the mouth of God.”

In Joshua 1, I would say the theme is obedience to God and his law. It is mentioned in verse 8 of the chapter that if we make our way prosperous we will be successful in all that we do.

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Moral Protection And Identification (1 John: Part 7)

Wednesday’s Column: Third’s Words

Gary Pollard

I’ll be repeating the book of I John in present-day terminology. It’s not a true translation of the book, as I am not qualified to do so. It will be based on an exegetical study of the book and will lean heavily on the SBL and UBS Greek New Testaments, as well as comparisons with other translations (ESV, NASB, NIV, ERV, NLT). My goal is to reflect the text accurately, and to highlight the intent of the author using concepts and vocabulary in common use today. 

This is not an “essentially literal” translation, and should be read as something of a commentary. 

Moral Protection, Identification

Anyone who continuously, consciously sins is anti-law. Sin itself is anti-law. We’ve known that Jesus was revealed to everyoneso that he could lift away sin, and sin doesn’t exist for you when you’re partners with him. Everyone who sticks with him avoids sin – if you continuously sin, it means you’ve never seen or known him. 

Children, don’t let anyone fool you. If you continually2 practice moral excellence, you’re as pure as he is. If you continuously practice sin, you’re an ally of satan. He’s been a sinner since the very beginning. 

God’s son was sent here1 for a specific reason: to destroy satan’s work. Anyone who joins God’s family for real is able to avoid sin. How? His very essence lives in you, so you’re unable to commit sin because you came from God. 

This is how you can tell the difference between God’s family and satan’s family: if they aren’t practicing moral goodness, they aren’t God’s. If they don’t selflessly love their Christian family, they aren’t God’s. 

 1 ἐφανερώθη means, “to reveal, make visible, … expose publicly … with focus on sensory aspect rather than cognitive” (BDAG φανεροω). The idea seems to be that, unlike his other missions – which were invisible to the human eye (cf II Kgs 6.17ff, 19.35; I Chron 21.14f) – Jesus’s presence was visible to everyone. Since the word is aorist passive, “was sent,” and, “was revealed,” seemed appropriate. 

 2 Use of continuously and continually is not accidental. No one can continuously practice righteousness (cf I Jn 1.8). John posits sin as something we all have, but which is not held against us. Only when we sin so much that it defines our existence do we find ourselves in darkness. While “continuously” is not literally correct, it highlights the intention of the author more effectively. One who sins without ever coming up for air is different from one who struggles with sin (cf I Jn 1.7f; Rom 7.14-25). 

Misguided Anarchists

Neal Pollard

In her excellent book about the many events leading up to World War I, Barbara Tuchman, in The Proud Tower, spends a chapter talking about the anarchist movements swirling particularly around Europe and the United States. It was the inspiration for several assassinations of important political figures, including one of our presidents—William McKinley. In the wake of the industrial revolution, many immigrant, uneducated, illiterate, and otherwise disadvantaged people, worked an incredibly high number of hours each week for less than living wages. They lived in deplorable conditions and had nearly no prospects of improving their plight or the plight of their children. A growing proposal around the industrialized world was to throw off all government and institute what amounted to a global commune with a total sharing of assets. It was not Communism because it did not want any organization or officials to rule and govern. Those who truly embraced the cause put total faith in man, in every case, to be noble and devoid of base motives like greed, power, and self-interest. It was anti-religious, anti-capitalist, anti-authority of any kind. Other than inspire attacks on famous people, the anarchists never came close to materializing their desired revolution. Rationale people knew there must be order and law.

Periodically, a similar movement rears its head even within the body of Christ. Christianity, in their view, is reduced to a single, undefined maxim: “Love Jesus.” While it can seem appealing, when it is viewed uncritically, it is unsustainable and self-defeating. When Jesus was asked the greatest commandment in the Law, He replied by saying it was a total love of God. He added that the second greatest command was loving others. Yet, throughout the gospels, Jesus expressed so many other specific commands for His followers that build upon that vital foundation. The men to whom He delegated authority to reveal His will and commands (John 14:26; 16:13) revealed His expectations of His followers. Pulpits and leaderships that deemphasize, avoid, or attempt to nullify these commands may be acting from high motives and noble desires, but they are more harmful than those anarchists of over 100 years ago. They encourage more than civil disobedience. They encourage disobeying the God who will one day judge mankind. Human governments may rule from corruption, self-service, and oppressive intentions, but God’s Word never does. What God commands for us is only for our good. How should we respond? We should humbly, reverently, lovingly, and totally submit to His reign and rule in our lives. May that be our highest aim!

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A NEW WAY TO HANDLE PRODIGAL SONS

Neal Pollard

Deuteronomy was apparently a favored Old Testament book for our Lord.  It was this last book of the Pentateuch Jesus quotes each time He is tempted by the Devil in the wilderness (Mt. 4:4,7,10).  His writing on discipline (Mt. 18:16) and divorce (Mt. 5:31; 19:7) draw on Moses’ writings in that book, too.  It is interesting, considering Christ’s propensity to reflect upon the book of Deuteronomy, to see the instructions given under the old law in dealing with prodigal sons:

If any man has a stubborn and rebellious son who will not obey his father
or his mother, and when they chastise him, he will not even listen to them,
then his father and mother shall seize him, and bring him out to the elders
of his city at the gateway of his hometown.  “They shall say to the elders of
his city, ‘This son of ours is stubborn and rebellious, he will not obey us, he
is a glutton and a drunkard.’ “Then all the men of his city shall stone him to
death; so you shall remove the evil from your midst, and all Israel will hear
of it and fear (Deut. 21:18-21).

Interestingly, these statements are found in the context of meting out inheritances to sons.  Notice, however, the way God chose to deal with profligate (i.e., wasteful and immoral) sons under the first covenant.  There seems to have been a perceived tie between rebellion toward parents and rebellion against God.  The worst case scenario for such a child was the death penalty, the men of the city hurling the rocks.

How shocking Jesus’ story might have been, seen in the context and in contrast to the law under which the Jews still served at the time!  As He so often did, Jesus points to a new way of divine dealing with mankind.  The Prodigal (i.e., wasteful) Son in Luke 15:11ff was certainly stubborn and rebellious, wanting free from the rule of his father.  Yet, the father allowed the son to depart.  The son lived in total dissipation and then longed to come home.  The homecoming he received from his father was totally unexpected.  He was joyfully, lovingly welcomed.  In fact, the hard-hearted, begrudging brother is depicted as having greater spiritual problems since he refused to follow the father’s lead.

We are all sinners (Rom. 3:23).  We all are in need of the Father’s grace and forgiveness.  We also are instructed, by the Father’s perfect example and the older brother’s wrongheaded response, about how to receive our prodigal brothers and sisters who want to come home!  Thank God that because of Christ, we have a new way to handle prodigals and to be handled as prodigals who come back to the Father!

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THE PATTERN FOR MARRIAGE

Neal Pollard

Matthew 19:1-12 records an incident where, because the Pharisees are trying to test Jesus (vs. 3), He has occasion to reveal His will about marriage.  As we analyze this text, we find several notable facts about marriage. These verses show us the mind and will of God on an institution that is increasingly under assault. Consider four facts about this great passage of Scripture.

This is from the Christ. One of the more common arguments made even by supposed biblical scholars is that Jesus never condemns homosexuality. But what does He do? He defines marriage (4-5). The law of exclusion says that what God doesn’t authorize in His Word is forbidden in doctrine and practice. The Lord has authorized marriage as an institution between man and woman. He did not have to say, “…but not between a man and two or more women” and “not between a man and an animal” and “not between two people of the same gender.” He makes clear what He sees marriage as being.

This is from the creation. Other passages tell us Christ is actually the Creator (John 1:1-3; Col. 1:16-17; Heb. 1:2). So not only does He, as Deity, designate what marriage is—He designed it in the first place. Jesus reaches behind changes made to God’s marriage law under the Law of Moses and cites how God designed it “from the beginning” (4). Anything that does not conform to His pattern in this text runs counter to God’s original intent. You may not that this excludes more than same-sex marriage. It excludes adulterous marriage (vs. 9) as well as sex outside of marriage (this is implied here: “joined to his wife,” not “girlfriend”; of course, “fornication” or “sexual immorality” is dealt with explicitly in many other New Testament passages). Jesus goes back to the creation to state the pattern for marriage as being one man and one woman for life.

This is a command. It is not a command that you have to be married, but if you do get married you must conform to Christ’s will concerning it. We see this in the force of Jesus’ “but I say unto you.” He is exerting His right of authority, even showing His law trumps the Law of Moses. A person who is looking to be married must make sure their relationship conforms to His command.

This is controversial.  It is not just the homosexual community who balk at Jesus’ words here. I have close family members (and so do you, probably) whose marriages are at odds with what Jesus commands in this context. Jesus Himself forewarns that this is a difficult and narrow teaching (10), a rejected teaching (11), and a teaching that calls for extreme sacrifice (12). I dare say there is as much blowback from the heterosexual community as the homosexual community where this passage is clearly taught. In either case, it comes down to whether we will follow the command of the Christ, the Creator. Our submission or rebellion cannot change the immutable (i.e., unchangeable) nature of Divine truth.

Marriage is a beautiful gift given by a loving God. Though society may corrupt it and seek to redefine it, but the will of God stands forever. May we have the courage, humility, and strength to take Him at His word and conform our lives to it—on this and every subject.