The Servant’s Words To The Weary Exiles (51:1-23)
Neal Pollard
James Smith observes, “Four exhortations to Zion follow the third Servant poem (which he identifies as 50:10-51:8, NP). Each is accompanied by promises designed to lift the spirits of God’s people during the period of their captivity” (OT Survey, 145). The first exhortation, to trust God in adversity, is found in the last several verses of chapter ten, followed by three in this chapter. First, remember their heritage (1-3). Second, listen to divine instruction (4-6). Third, take courage in God’s deliverance (7-8). This is followed by an extended call to God to “awake” and to Jerusalem to “rouse” (9-23). Verses 9-16 have been called a “wake up prayer to God,” while verses 17-23 have been called a “wake up prayer to a drunken woman” (Zion)(Smith, 147). It appears to me that there are three categories of individuals that are the subject of this “Servant song,” looking at past, present, and future. All the way through this section, the central focus is on one individual–The Servant–who is the coming Christ.
Isaiah 51 speaks of the expectation of the righteous (1-8). One is struck with the calls for the upright to act: “listen” (1,7), “look” (1,2), “pay attention” (4), “give ear” (4), “lift up” (6), “fear not” (7), and “be not dismayed” (7). These are calls of encouragement from the Lord. Blessed assurance fills the content of this paragraph. They could remember Abraham and Sarah, who were unlikely candidates for beginning an entire nation (2). They could remember Eden and appreciate what God was capable of, even as they found themselves in waste places, wildernesses, and deserts (3). The reason for their optimism was the character of God, from His law (4) to His deliverance and salvation (5-6,8). It was but for them to be faithful and fearless (7).
Isaiah 51 speaks of the endurance of the Lord (9-16). Isaiah builds upon the righteous character of the Lord in assuring the godly and obedient. This prayer begins with the nation pleading with God to awake, but He declares that He is not only awake but also at work. He is the God of comfort (12), creation (13), capability (14-15), covenant (15,16), and covering (16). He declares who and what He is–“I am” (12,15) and what He has done– “I have” (16, cf. 22). To a people afraid of their enemies and lacking confidence in their deliverance, God reminds them of His limitless ability which aids them and destroys their enemies.
Isaiah 51 speaks of the enfeeblement of the wicked (17-23). The tables are turned, and now God is calling for the spiritually drunk to wake up and sober up. They called on God to wake up, and He proves to them He is never asleep on the job. Instead, they are reeling from drinking the cup of God’s anger due to their rebellion (17). Sin has left the nation weak, aimless, unguided, inconsolable, helpless, and the object of God’s wrath and rejection (18-20). Yet, even in this condition, they are offered hope from God. He offers to take the chalice of reeling and divine anger from their hands and put it in the hands of their tormentors (21-23). Grace even in judgment! Hope even in the wake of their sin!
In the past, the people had seen God deliver them from Egypt (Rahab, 9; see 30:7). In the future, the people would see God deliver them from the Chaldeans (23; see 49:26). In the present, the people should look to the God they had ignored and forsaken, repenting and once again finding their strength and salvation in Him alone. What a timeless message!










