Tag: Bible

Habakkuk: Living By Faith (I)

Faith Tested (1:1-17)

Neal Pollard

Your Bible probably either has “oracle” or “burden” in verse one. The Hebrew word (‘massa’–pronounced like our brother at church) literally means “a load, what is carried about, with a focus on the effort needed to transport them” (Swanson, DBL Hebrew, np). It’s the word describing what a donkey (beast of burden) carries (Ex. 23:5).  If the date of this short book is around the time of the Battle of Carchemish in 605 B.C., if we conclude that the prophet’s words in Habakkuk 1:2-4 describe the reign of Jehoiakin, then the Babylonian invasion and the first wave of captivity is imminent.  There is a weighty burden to which Habakkuk is being exposed. The Babylonian threat is just emerging while his own nation, Judah, is blissfully ignorant and endlessly iniquitous. What Habakkuk sees truly tests his faith, especially as he considers what appears to him to be God’s inaction in response (2). What tests Habakkuk’s faith?

The silence of God (2).Have you ever intensely cried out to God in prayer about something very troubling, difficult, or painful, but could not perceive an answer? The longer and more faithfully you do, the more it can test your faith when things seem unchanged. You want help or rescue, but things remain as they have been. David often felt that way (Ps. 13; 22). We can lose sight of the faithfulness of God (cf. Jer. 14:9)! 

The sight of sin (3-4). What often compounds the trial of our faith is what is not silent or invisible all around us. Habakkuk has a front row seat to the iniquity, destruction, strife and contention, biblical ignorance, injustice, oppression, and perversion. The righteous seem to be losing, the wicked seem to be winning, and it’s a blowout! The prophet cannot believe it. It’s difficult to feel like a spiritual minority, even among a society that gives lip-service to faith but whose daily lives defy such conviction. Isaiah understood (Isa. 5:20). So did Jeremiah (Jer. 20:18). So do we (Eph. 5:12; 2 Tim. 3:1-5). 

The speech of God (5-11). In Habakkuk’s prophecy, God responds to him mid-crisis. Instead of commiserating with the man or acknowledging his lamentation, He gives him more and specific reasons to lament. He identifies a nation from among the nations whom He has chosen to punish the sin that Habakkuk sees (6). He warns that he would see it in his days (5). He would raise up the Chaldeans (Babylonians)(6). God describes the ferocious and fearful empire, unstoppable and unpitying (7-11). They invade like a predator (8) and cover like a sandstorm (9). They are godless and intimidating (10-11). They are much more experienced at iniquity than the sinful brethren of the prophet, and they are going to crush Judah! This is God’s answer to Habakkuk’s prayer?! Was this what he wanted to hear?

The sovereign choice of God (12-17). Habakkuk is trying to reconcile what he knows to be true about God and this message he has just received from God. There is a manifold dilemma. 

  • Why do you look favorably on those who act treacherously (13)?
  • Why are you silent when the wicked overwhelm those not as wicked (13)?
  • Why have you made men (everyone besides Babylon) like fish in their net (14-17)?

All Habakkuk can see is that Babylon is ruthless, bloodthirsty, and relentlessly wicked, yet also as godless and faithless as can be. Yet, he also knows some things about God. God is everlasting, holy, just, pure, and perfect (12-13). Because of this, why are things the way they are? Why is Babylon about to inflict punishment on Judah? Why isn’t God’s omnipotent wrath trained on the Chaldeans instead? 

If any chapter reflects the tenor of the lyrics, “Tempted and tried, we’re oft made to wonder why it should be thus all the day long. While there are others living about us, never molested though in the wrong,” it is Habakkuk one. The prophet is perplexed! It’s hard to imagine than anyone of faith, reading this chapter, can fail to relate. We live in a world where wickedness seems to wear the crown. Righteousness seems to be locked in the dungeon. God seems nowhere to be seen. We know better because we know God, but how can we reconcile everything? Like Habakkuk, we should prepare ourselves for His answer (2:1). Thankfully, He has something to say on the subject! 

Origen’s First Principles

Gary Pollard

Early Christian writers (before AD 325) left us a huge body of writings. These are not scripture and they don’t claim to be (that I’ve seen yet). However, they do give valuable insight into the culture, language, and beliefs that the early church had. There’s just one tiny problem: they’re very difficult to read. Lightfoot published his translations in the 19th century. Roberts et al. published theirs in the same century. We stand on the shoulders of giants and would be in a tough spot had they not put in the work translating these volumes of ancient text! Unfortunately, though, average reading comprehension isn’t quite what it used to be. Archaic British English tends to quickly fatigue the mind and divert mental resources away from digesting the meaning of the text. As long as that barrier exists the words of some of the earliest Christians reach very few people. 

So what’s the utility of reading the early church writers if their writings aren’t scripture? Peter admitted that some of Paul’s writings are “very difficult to understand” (II Pt 3.15-16), and Paul wrote in the common language of the day. Add a couple thousand years, a dead language, and translator interference and those difficult texts become even more complicated. Early Christians apparently asked many of the same questions we have about the meaning of difficult passages, what things are doctrine vs what has flexibility, the nature of God and how we should worship him, and many, many other things. Early church writers offer some of the best historical material in existence (outside of scripture) on the life, times, and beliefs of pre-denominational Christians. 

For the next several months (if God allows) I will be re-working some of the Ante-Nicene writings. This will not be a translation! I’m not qualified to do so and would probably mess it up if I tried. I’m reading an existing translation and doing my best to modernize the language while preserving meaning. Origen started my fascination with these writings so we’ll read some of his works first. My goal is to eventually modernize all known Ante-Nicene writings, and maybe tackle the Pseudepigrapha next (if I’m still alive). 

Without further rambling, here is the first part of the Preface in Origen’s On first principles1 (ca. AD 220): 

  1. Everyone who believes and is confident that grace and truth come from Jesus Christ, and who know Christ to be the truth (he even said, “I am the truth”), gain the kind of knowledge that pushes people to a good and happy life from his teaching and words. We aren’t just talking about the words he spoke when he became human and lived here in a physical body. Christ was the word of God before he was human. He was in Moses and the prophets. Without God’s word they couldn’t have prophesied about Christ! We could spend forever showing proof after proof that Moses and the prophets were filled with Christ’s spirit. That would take a long time, though, and we’d like to keep this as brief as we reasonably can. It should be enough to quote what Paul said in Hebrews2, “Moses grew up and became a man. He refused to be called the son of Pharaoh’s daughter. He chose not to enjoy the pleasures of sin that last such a short time. Instead, he chose to suffer with God’s people. He did this because he had faith. He thought it was better to suffer for the Messiah than to have all the treasures of Egypt.” Paul also said, “You want proof that Christ is speaking through me,” to show that Jesus spoke through his apostles after he went up to the sky. 
  2. A lot of people who say they believe in Jesus have wide-ranging differences in opinion. These differences are over both insignificant and significant things, some of which are extremely important. These differences are over things like God, the master Jesus Christ, and the Spirit. They also disagree about other created entities like the “powers” and what are called “virtues”. Because of this we need to be very clear about each one of these things before we investigate anything else. When we came to believe that Christ was the son of God, we stopped our search for truth. Greeks and non-Greeks have all made public their incorrect opinions about what is true. But we were convinced that we could only find truth in its source: Jesus himself. Many people think they have the same opinions that Jesus had, even though they think differently from the people who came before them. The church’s teachings came straight from the apostles and are preserved to this day. We can only accept teachings that don’t differ in any way from established church and apostolic tradition. 

 1 Roberts D.D., A. & Donaldson LL.D., J. (1885). Ante-Nicene Fathers IV: Fathers of the third century: Tertullian, part fourth; Minucius Felix; Commodian; Origen, parts first and second. American Edition: The Christian Literature Company (Buffalo).  

2 Coxe’s footnote: “Here and frequently elsewhere (some 200 times in all), Origen ascribes the authorship of [Hebrews] to Paul. Eusebius (Ecclesiastical History, vi. 25) quotes Origen as saying, ‘My opinion is this: the thoughts are [Paul’s]; but the diction and phraseology belong to some one who has recorded what the apostle said… If, then, any church considers this Epistle as coming from Paul, let it be commended for this; for neither did those ancient men deliver it as such without cause. But who it was that committed the Epistle to writing is known only to God.’”

Good Quotes

New Testament writers quote frequently from the Old Testament. Especially Paul was even fond of quoting secular poets. It is interesting to see Jesus, The Word, quoting His Word.

Dale Pollard

I don’t remember creating a collection of “good quotes” but that was the header of a file on my computer I didn’t recognize. I opened it up to find exactly three quotes; all of which were made by my dad. I wasn’t surprised that they lived up to the rather boring but factual file name. 

Dad on the discipline he received growing up: 

“Mom used nothing bigger than a flip flop, dad used a rod of correction that was floppy.” 

On the key ingredient to sacrifice: 

“When we love God more than anything else, what will we not give Him?”

On the first reference of love in the Bible (Gen. 22.2):

 “The first time love is mentioned in the Bible it’s not a love of country, it’s not the love  of a spouse, but it’s of a father’s love— towards his son.”

Perfect Quotes

Jesus quotes from the Book of Psalms more than any other part of the Old Testament. It’s interesting to think that Jesus wasn’t really quoting, He was just repeating Himself. A quote is defined as (and I quote), “..a group of words from a text or speech with an indication that one is not the original author or speaker.” 

Everything Jesus says is worth quoting but anything Jesus says twice deserves our special attention. 

Nahum: Comfort (III)

The End (3:1-19)

Neal Pollard

Nahum: Comfort

The End (3:1-19)

Neal Pollard

Actually, Nahum three continues the judgment against Nineveh, but the whole of the chapter spells the ultimate end of the Assyrian Empire and its dominance. The chapter appears to break down into three major sections, verses 1-7, verses 8-11, and verses 12-19. While all three sections deal with the doom of this heathen nation, there are different ways to break down the content. Consider James Smith’s good outline (concerning Nineveh):

1) Evil declared (1-3)

2) Evil described (4-7)

3) Evil defeated (8-13)

4) Evil disparaged (14-18)

5) Evil destroyed (18-19)

(OT Survey Series, 397-400).

While I agree that sin was the cause of their end, this chapter seems most focused on the end itself. Sin is always the reproach and ruin of any nation that entrenches itself into it (Prov. 14:34; Dan. 4:17). Yet, Nahum, foretelling Nineveh’s demise, helps us see at least three things about their end. It serves as a warning to any who follow their foolish pathway.

Why their end was coming (1-7). Nahum pronounces “woe to the bloody city, completely full of lies and pillage” (1). His words depict what that would look like, all sights and sounds of the carnage of invasion and military defeat (2-3). Nineveh had played the part of a harlot, and she would be abused and mistreated like one (4-6). She would be so defiled and disgraced that all would distance themselves from her, and no one would mourn or comfort her.  At the very end of the book, the prophet briefly states what history repeatedly chronicled. The Assyrians were brutal taskmasters and oppressors (19); they would get a full dose of their own medicine. 

How their end was coming (8-11). They would go the way of Thebes. Nahum uses that Egyptian city whose overthrow was prophesied by both Jeremiah (46:25) and Ezekiel (30:14ff). Thebes had the advantage of the Nile, a seemingly impregnable position, and powerful allies, but none of these things saved them (8-9). Nahum compares Nineveh’s end to Thebes in these ways (cf. 2:8). Like Thebes’ inhabitants became exiles (10), so would Nineveh’s (11). They would go into captivity, staggering and searching for refuge (11). 

When their end was coming (12-19). Nahum doesn’t deal in terms of time, but rather gives predictions which history shows fulfilled. The Bible Knowledge Commentary shares 12 specific prophesies of Nahum’s, showing their historical fulfillment (chart is at the bottom of this study). Many of those prophesies are in the final chapter. Nahum depicts Nineveh as ripened fruit, ready to be picked. This was about to happen. They would be oblivious and unprepared. It would be too late when it overtook them. 



Nahum’s PropheciesHistorical Fulfillments
1. The Assyrian fortresses surrounding the city would be easily captured (3:12).1. According to the Babylonian Chronicle the fortified towns in Nineveh’s environs began to fall in 614 B.C. including Tabris, present-day Sharif-Khan, a few miles northwest of Nineveh.
2. The besieged Ninevites would prepare bricks and mortar for emergency defense walls (3:14).2. A.T. Olmstead reported: “To the south of the gate, the moat is still filled with fragments of stone and of mud bricks from the walls, heaped up when they were breached” (History of Assyria. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951, p. 637).
3. The city gates would be destroyed (3:13).3. Olmstead noted: “The main attack was directed from the northwest and the brunt fell upon the Hatamti gate at this corner … Within the gate are traces of the counter wall raised by the inhabitants in their last extremity” (History of Assyria, p. 637).
4. In the final hours of the attack the Ninevites would be drunk (1:10; 3:11)4. Diodorus Siculus (ca. 20 B.C.) wrote, “The Assyrian king … distributed to his soldiers meats and liberal supplies of wine and provisions … While the whole army was thus carousing, the friends of Arbakes learned from some deserters of the slackness and drunkenness which prevailed in the enemy’s camp and made an unexpected attack by night” (Bibliotheca Historica 2. 26. 4)
5. Nineveh would be destroyed by a flood (1:8; 2:6, 8).5. Diodorus wrote that in the third year of the siege heavy rains caused a nearby river to flood part of the city and break part of the walls (Bibliotheca Historica 2. 26. 9; 2. 27.3). Xenophon referred to terrifying thunder (presumably with a storm) associated with the city’s capture (Anabasis, 3. 4. 12). Also the Khosr River, entering the city from the northwest at the Ninlil Gate and running through the city in a southwesterly direction, may have flooded because of heavy rains, or the enemy may have destroyed its sluice gate.
6. Nineveh would be destroyed by fire (1:10; 2:13; 3:15).6. Archeological excavations at Nineveh have revealed charred wood, charcoal, and ashes. “There was no question about the clear traces of burning of the temple (as also in the palace of Sennacherib), for a layer of ash about two inches thick lay clearly defined in places on the southeast side about the level of the Sargon pavement” (R. Campbell Thompson and R.W. Hutchinson, A Century of Exploration at Nineveh. London: Luzac, 1929, pp. 45, 77).
7. The city’s capture would be attended by a great massacre of people (3:3).7. “In two battles fought on the plain before the city the rebels defeated the Assyrians … so great was the multitude of the slain that the flowing stream, mingled with their blood, changed its color for a considerable distance” (Diodorus, Bibliotheca Historica 2. 26. 6–7).
8. Plundering and pillaging would accompany the overthrow of the city (2:9–10).8. According to the Babylonian Chronicle, “Great quantities of spoil from the city, beyond counting, they carried off. The city [they turned] into a mound and ruin heap” (Luckenbill, Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia, 2:420).
9. When Nineveh would be captured its people would try to escape (2:8)9. “Sardanapalus [another name for king Sin-shar-ishkun] sent away his three sons and two daughters with much treasure into Paphlagonia, to the governor of Kattos, the most loyal of his subjects” (Diodorus, Bibliotheca Historica, 2. 26. 8
10. The Ninevite officers would weaken and flee (3:17).10. The Babylonian Chronicle states that “[The army] of Assyria deserted [lit., ran away before] the king” (Luckenbill, Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia, 2:420).
11. Nineveh’s images and idols would be destroyed (1:14).11. R. Campbell Thompson and R.W. Hutchinson reported that the statue of the goddess Ishtar lay headless in the debris of Nineveh’s ruins (“The British Museum Excavations on the Temple of Ishtar at Nineveh, 1930–1,” Annals of Archeology and Anthropology. 19, pp. 55–6).
12. Nineveh’s destruction would be final (1:9, 14).12. Many cities of the ancient Near East were rebuilt after being destroyed (e.g., Samaria, Jerusalem, Babylon) but not Nineveh.

 Johnson, Elliott E. “Nahum.” The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures. Ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck. Vol. 1. Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985. 1495. Print.

Meek Like Jesus

How can we respond to a world that encourages us to lift ourselves up and put others down? To bristle when corrected or to justify and rationalize our actions rather than to listen and consider? As often is the case, we need to visit with Jesus.

Neal Pollard

Meek Like Jesus

Neal Pollard

We live in an age where we are not conditioned to take correction humbly. Instead, we can quickly become full of defensiveness and self-justification. We may even become indignant at the approach of someone, especially if we find ourselves in some way superior to them. It is also an age where humbling and lowering ourselves for the good and benefit of another is not particularly attractive, especially if it is not wallpapered on a social media platform. We may be quick to let others know our value and importance, but to praise and uphold someone else is undesirable. This can often lead us to be impatient with the perceived shortcomings of people that annoy us and put us out. How many do not know or have forgotten these words, that “pride and arrogance and the evil way and the perverted mouth” God hates (Prov. 8:13).

In contrast, consider a statement Jesus makes about Himself and a similar statement Paul makes about Jesus. First, think about Jesus’ words in Matthew 11:29: “Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls.” Look especially at the words “gentle” and “humble.” Gentle, quoting the NASB, is “meek” in the KJV. It is an adjective here, and Paul uses the noun form in 2 Corinthians 10:1. “It is a condition of mind and heart which demonstrates gentleness, not in weakness, but in power. It is a balance born in strength of character” (Zodhiates, WSNTDICT, np). This is one of the beatitudes Jesus calls on us to have (Mat. 5:5; 1 Pet. 3:4). He exhibits it Himself as He enters Jerusalem the last week of His life (Mat. 21:5). Both times it is used of disciples, it is either rewarded or highly esteemed by God. The noun form (gentleness/meekness) gives us a fuller understanding. It is a “gentleness of attitude and behavior, in contrast with harshness in one’s dealings with others” (Louw-Nida, 748).

The second word there in Matthew 11:28 is “humble,” which when used literally spoke of a person who was short in stature. It was the word for the lowly and the poor, one with no social standing. It speaks of insignificance. But, Jesus combines this word with gentle to say that this is how He saw Himself. Paul uses the same word in 2 Corinthians 10:1, when he says he is “meek” when face to face with those Christians.  He was unpretentious in behavior (TDNT). 

The last word, the one Paul uses in 2 Corinthians 10:1 along with Jesus’ word meek (gentle), is “gentleness.” The word suggests “the harmonious disposition of character and frame of mind…” that “becomes, in relation with neighbors, an accommodating attitude, a happy harmony” (Spicq and Ernest, TLNT, np). Consider this explanation of the word. Trench ties this word to God’s grace, retreating from strictness against sinful men, making allowances for our imperfect righteousness, and His refusal to exact extreme penalties when He has every right (cf. Synonyms, 155). It is gracious forbearance, granting clemency or pardon. Paul urged Corinth “by the meekness and gentleness of Christ.”

Let’s put all this together. What Jesus possessed and demonstrated, what we are called to imitate, is a gentleness in attitude and action when dealing with others. This comes from not thinking too highly of ourselves and our talents, intelligence, and influence (Rom. 12:3,16). Out of this we cut people slack and give them the benefit of the doubt. If the perfect Son of God was characterized this way, I need to walk in His footsteps. This will help me when someone corrects me or if I need to correct someone else (2 Tim. 2:24). I look honestly at myself, knowing that I have strengths but I also have weaknesses–just like those I deal with each day. Gentle, humble, meek, and forbearing. That was Jesus. That should be me, too. 

Nahum: Comfort (II)

Nations tend to think, when they are a superpower, that it will always be so. Up to this point, it has never been so. Assyria was one of the earliest superpowers the world ever knew. What can we learn from Nahum’s message to her?

Nineveh Would Flee (2:1-13)

Neal Pollard

Nahum gets to the heart of the matter in chapter two. He shares the pending judgment of Assyria in stark and horrific detail. If any of the Assyrians chose to believe God’s Word, this was nightmare news for them. Yet, every word of condemnation against Nineveh was comfort and consolation to Judah in the face of their menacing threat. We see at least three major ideas in this chapter. 

The devastating devastators will be destroyed (1-6). In words of comfort to “Jacob” (“Israel”), Nahum says that though they had been devastated and their vineyards destroyed they would see the tables turned on Nineveh (2). The “devastators” are warned to arm themselves for battle (1) only to overrun and devastated by an invading army. Who is it? Ezekiel 23:14 points to Babylon, though commentators also throw out the possibility of the Medes. Both could be right, as the decisive battle in the overthrow of Assyria (612 B.C.) involved an alliance between Medes, Babylonians, and lesser nations against Assyria and later Egypt (for an intriguing historical read, I found this interesting: https://www.livius.org/sources/content/mesopotamian-chronicles-content/abc-3-fall-of-nineveh-chronicle/). The invaders of Assyria rush the capital city (4) and set siege to it (5) and flood it (6). The intimidating Assyrians get a taste of their own medicine.  

The desolation is done (7-12). Nahum switching tenses, now looking at the events as if they have already occurred. God says, “It is fixed” (7). The Hebrew word is found 73 times throughout every genre of Old Testament literature, meaning stand, establish, erect, and in charge. The message is that this is done and cannot be undone by Assyria or anyone else. The description is vivid with details: stripped, carried away, crying, and beating their breasts (7). They flee (8), they are plundered (9), they are emptied (10), and they are anguished (10). Nahum describes their “desolation and waste” (10) with the imagery of lions who tear their prey and feed it to their young (11-13). Many people had been the victim of Assyrian cruelty. Surely, the memory of this filled the minds of the armies that exact vengeance on this empire prime for a fall. 

The divine declaration (13). Though implicit in verse seven, Nahum states it explicitly in the last verse of this chapter. God identifies Himself as Assyria’s antagonist. Though he would use the armies of men, He reveals that He was lighting the fire, bearing the sword, and cutting them off. Are there more sobering words than “I am against you” when spoken by the Creator of the heavens and the earth?

Nineveh was on the pinnacle of prosperity and power, yet it gave itself the credit and glory. Israel was one of its pitiful victims. Nahum says God is turning the tables. He had used them to punish His disobedient people, but now the tool in His hand no longer served His purpose. It was time for them to receive the due reward of their own deeds. 

Nahum: Comfort

Vengeance (1:1-15)

Neal Pollard

Nahum is not really a sequel to Jonah, but it does constitute a Paul Harvey-like “rest of the story.” Achtemeier rightly observed that this short prophetic book “has been almost totally ignored in the modern church” (Nahum–Malachi. Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1986. Print. Interpretation). Quick. Name one thing you know from this short book! Why is that this book is so vague and mysterious to us? Maybe it is because it sits almost dead center in the middle of one of the least known sections of the Bible–the Minor Prophets. Yet, in this book is a beautiful, powerful picture of God.  Assyria, to whom God showed unexpected grace in Jonah’s time, is now in the crosshairs of God’s judgment in Nahum’s time. 

Written probably in the middle of the seventh-century B.C., by which we are clued in through two events which Nahum mentions, the first the fall of Thebes (663 B.C.) which Nahum speaks of in past tense in Nahum 3:8-10 and the second the fall of Nineveh (612 B.C.) which is the subject of the book itself. That is a pretty plausible explanation for when. The author, Nahum, gives us no biographical information. His name means “comfort.” Jerome puts Elkosh, his hometown, as a village in Galilee while Pseudo-Epiphanius says it is in the territory of Simeon 20 miles southwest of Jerusalem (Migne, 409; Catchart, 38). His message is one of comfort, not for Assyria but for Judah. Remember that Assyria attempted to conquer Judah as they did Israel, but they were repelled by God Himself (Isa. 37; 2 Ki. 19). Now, God through Nahum foretells the total downfall of this Gentile nation. As to the why, Kenneth Barker says it well that “Nahum’s message is essential and timeless: the Lord reigns and will have the final word against evil. This means hope and deliverance by God for God’s people” (NAC, Vol. 20, 137). 

Chapter one is devoted to God’s vengeance against the evil of Nineveh and Assyria. It is an “oracle” (burden) of Nineveh. It is a vision of Nahum. In these opening words, we glean so much insight and appreciation into the amazing nature and character of God.

“The Lord is avenging and wrathful” (2-3). This is perhaps the overriding theme not only of this chapter, but the whole of this brief book. He used Assyria to punish His disobedient people of the northern kingdom (Isa. 9:8; 10:5), but He watched both their cruelty and their callous wickedness. Nahum says God will take vengeance on His adversaries and reserves wrath for His enemies. They would pay for their own guilt! The prophet depicts the power and splendor that are demonstrated as He exhibits these attributes (3b).

“The Lord is slow to anger and great in power” (3-6). This is a blessed combination! As it is a terrifying thing to fall into the hands of the living God (Heb. 10:31), it is wonderful to remember that the Lord is patient and slow to distribute judgment (2 Pet. 3:9). Yet, His deliberate dispensation of divine decrees is often mistaken for indulgence or indifference. Didn’t Solomon say, “Because the sentence against an evil deed is not executed quickly, therefore the hearts of the sons of men among them are given fully to do evil” (Ecc. 8:11). Think about His power, as recounted by Nahum–rebuking seas and drying up rivers (4), withering blossoms (4), and shaking and dismantling even the earth (5). Nahum rhetorically asks who can stand before such indignation, burning anger, and fiery wrath (6)? We must have a balanced view of God, perfectly holy, patiently holding out, but also powerfully honorable! 

“The Lord is good…” (7ff). Nineveh could attest to this, if they remembered Jonah’s visit. He delayed their overthrow for 150 years! For comparison, we would look back to the administration of Ulysses S. Grant! That’s a long time. Now, this message is for Judah in the midst of a sermon about Assyria’s impending doom. His goodness is demonstrated in a variety of ways. He gives us strength in our troubled times (7). He has a relationship with us as we hope in Him (7). He avenges His enemies on our behalf, if our enemies are His enemies (8-11). He cuts them off and destroys them utterly (12-14). He gives us gospel preaching, repeating that beautiful promise, “Behold, on the mountains the feet of him who brings good news, Who announces peace!” (15a; Isa. 52:7; Rom. 10:15). He invites His restored people to commune with Him in worship (15b). He promises protection for His people from their enemies (15c). When we are struggling, we may lose sight of God’s goodness (cf. Rom. 11:22). Yet, it is in His nature to show His goodness to His people (Psa. 23:6)! 

Micah: Judgment And Salvation (VII)

How does Micah conclude his poignant, powerful words about a nation set on defying their Savior? What about describing Him in a hopeful way meant to melt our hearts and compel us to serve and love Him?

Them, Me, And God (7:1-20)

Neal Pollard

The last chapter ends the third and final cycle of the book, a cycle of judgment and salvation. Micah speaks of the viciousness and depravity of his people, contrasts their heart with his own, then finishes with a majestic view of the magnanimous, merciful God. The charges against chiefly Judah are fleshed out in chapter six, but the effects of their sins are laid out in the first six verses of the chapter. 

The nation’s faithlessness (1-6).  Such plagues the prophet. He cries, “Woe is me” (1) at the state of affairs he sees. Because of the people’s wickedness, the godly and upright have suffered great persecution (2). Then, Micah uses another of his vivid descriptions of sin as he has throughout the book. Their depravity is so pronounced that they lie awake at night dreaming up ways to do wrong (2:1), they hate good and love evil (3:2), and they are ambidextrous, doing evil with both hands well (3). They take bribes (3), and the best of them are faithlessness and untrustworthy in even their most intimate, trusted relationships (5-6). Micah sums them up well, saying the best of them is like a briar and thorn hedge (4).  

Micah’s faith (7-17). Micah contrasts himself with these lawless ones. He waits for his God and Savior (7). He believes in God’s help (8). He confesses, rather than denies, his own sin (9). He hopes for a better day, a day of restoration (10-13). He prays to Him to shepherd the people and deliver them as He had in the past (14-17). The prayer exalts God’s power and goodness, and it further expresses Micah’s faith and hope in Him! 

God’s faithfulness (18-20). Micah prefaces his closing remarks, in which he speaks of God’s goodness, by reminding his readers of His dreadful, fearful power (17). Micah asks the best question anyone could ever ask about the Lord, saying, “Who is a God like You?” (18). If only we could persuade the world and believe ourselves the implication of this question. There is no God like Jehovah! He forgives (18). He forgets (18-19). He gives (20). He loves (18,20). He so longs to pardon iniquity and pass over rebellion (18) that He wants to step on our sins and throw them into the deepest parts of the ocean (19). As treacherous as His people had been, He stands ready to forgive the penitent sinner.

We may find ourselves surrounded by wickedness, hardhearted people who are determined to be slaves of sin. But, we can choose to see God as He is and put our full confidence in Him. After all, there is no God like Him. Even in the face of our willful, repeated unrighteousness, He stands ready to forgive us if we truly repent. What a humbling realization! He will judge everyone in righteousness (Acts 17:31), but He longs to say to as many as possible, “Come, you who are blessed of My Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world” (Mat. 25:34). 

Responding To His Message

No matter what we say, how we respond to what Jesus teaches determines our faithfulness to Him. Why is this so hard sometimes?

Carl Pollard

Throughout scripture, Christians are called not only to hear the word of God but to obey it. James 1:22-25 emphasizes this imperative: “But be doers of the word and not hearers only, deceiving yourselves. Because if anyone is a hearer of the word and not a doer, he is like a man looking at his own face in the mirror; for he looks at himself, goes away, and right away forgets what kind of man he was. But the one who looks intently into the perfect law of freedom and perseveres in it and is not a forgetful hearer but a doer who acts – this person will be blessed in what he does.”

In Matthew 7:24-27, Jesus reinforces this message, stating that not everyone who calls Him “Lord” will enter the kingdom of heaven, but only those who do the will of the Father. This highlights a critical truth: many Christians possess extensive knowledge yet fail to practice it. 

Experiential knowledge, the kind that transforms and deepens our relationship with God, comes from faithful obedience. It is during trials—losing a loved one, facing financial difficulties, or battling inner turmoil—that we truly come to know the Father. By holding fast to God in these moments, we can experience His presence and faithfulness.

The problem of hypocrisy in the church is often misdiagnosed as a lack of knowledge. However, we have access to the Bible and factual teaching. The real struggle lies in acting upon what we know. We understand that we are called to love one another as God loves us, to pray, to act as a family, to practice self-control, and to forgive others. Yet, the question remains: why do we fall short?

The answer is clear: it isn’t a matter of knowledge but of action. Jesus presents two responses to His message: to hear and obey or to hear and disobey—there is no middle ground. 

What may be difficult to hear is that Jesus isn’t concerned with our Christian labels on social media, or even our daily Bible reading plan. While these are well and good, many people claim these without authentic faith. What Jesus desires is fruit—tangible evidence of His teachings reflected in our lives.

In Matthew 7:24-27, Jesus likens those who hear and obey to a wise man who builds his house on rock. When storms come, this house stands firm. Conversely, those who hear but do not obey will find their lives dismantled by life’s adversities. The foundation of our lives must be built on the truth found in God’s word, and the building blocks of that foundation are obedience.

The authenticity of our discipleship is revealed in our responses to Jesus’ teachings. If we do not love our neighbors as ourselves, forgive as we have been forgiven, or harbor anger and resentment, we must face a sobering reality: despite our claims, we are not true disciples of Christ. His disciples practice what He preached.

Jesus invites us to examine our lives: Are we listening to His words and responding with faithful obedience? The call to action is clear, and it is through our obedience that we demonstrate our genuine commitment to Him.

Micah: Judgment And Salvation (VI)

A lot of answers are given to the question, “What does the Lord require of you?” Micah engages his audience in this thought-provoking, all-important thought.

What Does The Lord Require Of You? (6:1-16)

Neal Pollard

This chapter begins with the call to do the most important thing in human existence: “Hear now what the Lord is saying…” (1). It was a failure to do so that threatened impending judgment against the northern kingdom (Israel) and future judgment against the southern kingdom (Judah). They listened to themselves, their fawning, accommodating prophets, and the influential voices of surrounding nations, but they would not hear God! Yet, for the third and final time in his book, Micah shares this cycle of judgment and salvation.

The indictment (1-5). Micah stresses that the Lord has a case and dispute against His people (2). The all-knowing, all-seeing Jehovah has witnessed the thoughts, words, and deeds of Israel, compiling an untainted file of their actions. Against that, He demonstrates His own character and works. He asks, “What have I done to you, and how have I wearied you?” (3). In other words, had He done anything that merited such unfaithfulness? No! Instead, He delivered them from Egyptian bondage by Moses and his siblings (4) and thwarted the evil intentions of Balak through Balaam to bless His people instead of cursing them (5). How did they repay His graciousness? The end of the chapter reveals, in a word, their rebellion!

The inquiry (6-7). On behalf of the nation, Micah asks in first person what God wants. Rhetorically, he wants to know if God desires sacrifices, copious amounts of animals and oil, or even a firstborn son. Human logic might think that excessive, costly gifts might buy God’s love and favor. Does it? Giving one’s stuff is much easier than a more wholehearted, wholesale change. David, brokenhearted over his egregious sin, asserts, “For You do not delight in sacrifice, otherwise I would give it; You are not pleased with burnt offering” (Psa. 51:16). He’s not saying that God does not want what He commands, but instead does not want it in place of genuine change. David next confesses, “The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit; A broken and a contrite heart, O God, You will not despise” (17). That is exactly what Micah will say!

The important (8-9). If it is not money or even children, what is it God wants? Micah says that God has clearly revealed it. God wants the whole person. He wants the heart. He wants just, loving, and humble followers and spiritual companions. He wants to see this demonstrated with Him and with others. As God calls to His people, seeking such character, it is wise to fear and obey (9). 

The iniquity (10-16). But as God calls to and appeals to the city, He finds none of these things. Instead, He witnesses wickedness (10), dishonest business practices (11), violence (12), lying and deceit (12), sin (13), vileness (filth)(14), the futility of evildoing (15), and conduct comparable to wicked Omri and Ahab (16). These Israelite kings were so depraved that they were the catalysts for Assyrian Captivity and the destruction of the northern kingdom. Ironically, their wicked pursuits did not even reward them in this life, but instead led to desolation and unfulfilled living (14-15). Truly, as Solomon observed, “Good understanding produces favor, but the way of the treacherous is hard” (Prov. 13:15). Or, “He who sows iniquity will reap vanity, and the rod of his fury will perish” (Prov. 22:8; cf. Job 4:8).

The Lord wants genuine change in us, from the inside out! Modified behavior from a melted heart gets His attention in a good way. Learning that lesson blesses us and leads us to believe and obey God’s will and do what He requires (Luke 8:15)! 

Ghostly Apparitions

How do you talk to a people about spiritual reality and was takes place in the invisible realm who can watch CGI, have AI, and experience things (like flying and global communication) which most of history never experienced? The Bible is a timeless book…

Gary Pollard

Our technological advancements over the last two or three centuries (particularly the last century) have distracted many from a fundamental truth: What we call “spiritual” is an inseparable part of reality. We have been able to rely on means of transportation, subsistence, medical care, and exploration that would’ve historically been considered supernatural (eg. flight, drought and famine-resistant farming, robotic surgery, genetic manipulation, space exploration). We can travel in airplanes. We drive cars. We communicate instantly across vast distances. Organ transplants are a thing. These no longer exist only in our imaginations, they are right in front of our eyes. For many people the spiritual has become something either to reject or to relegate to an entirely different reality (often called the “spiritual realm”). 

As I have mentioned (perhaps ad nauseam) before, the way “spiritual” is used by the world and by many believers does not necessarily reflect the understanding our ancient believing predecessors had. It could mean wind, influence, message, teaching, breath, manifestation of power, etc. It was used of people whose concerns transcended earthly pursuits. It was used of a class of beings who inhabited the air. Its conceptual meaning seems to be something like, “Invisible force with visible effect.” Concepts are not visible, as they exist only in our minds. But bringing a concept into “reality” means making visible what existed only in our minds. Our minds are still part of this physical universe, and we don’t banish them to a parallel realm or universe because of their invisibility. In the same way, God and his servants are invisible (except for Jesus, Col 1.15), though they can and have certainly taken visible forms. I have yet to encounter any compelling evidence of these invisible powers occupying a reality outside of our own (though I’m open to the possibility if any such evidence appears). They may not be visible to our physical senses, but they are no less a part of our world. 

It may be helpful to see how many of the ancients viewed our relationship with the invisible powers of this world. I will include quotes from non-biblical writers after some New Testament passages. This is not to communicate a teaching but to get an idea of how these were understood by believers in the past. 

“You should pray this way: ‘Our father who is in heaven…” (Mt 6.9). 

“Be careful. Do not disregard these little ones. I tell you, their angels in heaven always have the attention of my father in heaven” (Mt 18.10).

“When you are praying and remember that you are angry with another person for something, forgive them. Forgive them so that your father who is in heaven forgives you” (Mk 11.25).

“When it says ‘he went up’ what does it mean? It means that he first came down low to earth. So Christ came down, and is the same one who went up high above to fill everything with himself” (Eph 4.9-10). 

“Masters, in the same way, be good to your servants. Don’t say things to scare them. You know that your master and theirs is in heaven and he treats everyone the same” (Eph 6.9).

“Our fight is not against people on earth. We are fighting against the rulers and authorities and the powers of this world’s darkness. We are fighting against the spiritual powers of evil in the heavenly places” (Eph 6.12).

“And you began waiting for God’s son to come from heaven, the one God raised from death. He is Jesus, the one who is rescuing us from God’s coming anger” (I Thess 1.10).

“Those beings, whom other philosophers call demons, Moses usually calls angels; and they are souls hovering in the air. And let no one suppose that what is here stated is a fable, for it is necessarily true that the universe must be filled with living things in all its parts, since every one of its primary and elementary portions contains its appropriate animals and such as are consistent with its nature — the earth containing terrestrial animals, the sea and rivers containing aquatic animals, … It is therefore necessary that the air should be full of living beings. And these are invisible to us, inasmuch as the air itself is not visible to mortal sight. But it does not follow, because our sight is incapable of perceiving the forms of souls, that for that reason there are no souls in the air” (Philo: On the Giants II.6-9).

“Go, say to the watchers of heaven, who have sent you to petition for them: ‘You should petition for men, and not men for you. Why have you left the high, holy, and eternal heaven, laid with women, defiled yourselves with the daughters of men? … But you were formally spiritual, living the eternal life, and immortal for all generations of the world. So I have not appointed wives for you, because the spiritual ones of the heavens belong in heaven.’ Now the giants, who are produced from the spirits and from flesh, will be called demons on the earth, and on the earth shall be their dwelling. Evil spirits have come out of their bodies, because they are born from men; yet from holy watchers is their beginning and primal origin. They will be evil spirits on the earth and they will be called demons. As for the spirits of heaven, in heaven will be their dwelling, but as for the demons of the earth, that were born on the earth, on the earth will be their dwelling” (I En 15.2-10).

Breaking (Old) News

Why does everyone’s creation stories, from ancient myths onward, talk about there being water in the beginning? And why is this important for the Christian who believes the Bible is God-breathed?

Dale Pollard

“For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities—his eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that people are without excuse.”

Romans 1:20 

For a moment I want to walk through some newer findings in the realm of secular based science that match the biblical narrative perfectly. 

WATER WAS PRESENT IN THE EARLIEST STAGES OF THE UNIVERSE 

According to Tel Aviv University & NASA researchers (2016): 

 “Astronomers have long held that water—two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom—was a relative latecomer to the universe. They believed that any element heavier than helium had to have been formed in the cores of stars and not by the Big Bang itself. Since the earliest stars would have taken some time to form, mature, and die, it was presumed that it took billions of years for oxygen atoms to disperse throughout the universe and attach to hydrogen to produce the first interstellar ‘water.'”

However, they go on to say, 

“…new research poised for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters by Tel Aviv University and Harvard University researchers reveals that the universe’s first reservoirs of water may have formed much earlier than previously thought…” (via https://www.aftau.org).

In Genesis (1.2ff), we read that the Spirit of God hovered over the face of the waters. 

Then God said, “Let there be a space between the waters, to separate the waters of the heavens from the waters of the earth.” 

There are countless ancient myths from around the world that somehow include this not-so-coincidental detail that in the very beginning, water was present. Whether or not God intended for that element to speak to something other than its order in the account of creation, it’s fitting. God is the maker and maintainer of life— and water is absolutely essential for life to exist. We’re physically alive because of it and we’re spiritually saved through it (I Peter 3.21).

 It’s a thread that satisfyingly runs through the entirety of scripture and it seems as though science is finally beginning to catch up with what God told us thousands of years ago. 

Micah: Judgment And Salvation (V)

The Ruler From Bethlehem (5:1-15)

Neal Pollard

Judah needed this message. Faced with the threat and oppression of Babylon, their earthly ruler was powerless (1). He was a judge who would be smitten on the cheek. Their hope was not in anyone who sat on a throne in Jerusalem. Micah lifts the curtain on the future, revealing a different, better king. What words describe Him?

“Unlikely” (2). Two records of the cities and towns in Judah’s territory (Josh. 15 and Neh. 11) fail to mention Bethlehem, it was so insignificant. But it would be the hometown of David (1 Sam. 17:12) and Jesus (Mat. 2:1). The Jewish religious leaders looked to this passage as an authoritative prophecy about the birthplace of Messiah (Mat. 2:3-6). Micah exclaims that One so great as this Divine Ruler would come from the little town of Bethlehem to be “ruler.”

“Eternal” (2). Further cementing the Messianic aspect of this ruler is His origin. He would not begin in Bethlehem; no, “His goings forth are from long ago, From the days of eternity.” This is language exclusive to Deity (cf. Ps. 102:25). 

“Shepherd” (3-4). This is a frequent way for the prophets to refer to Messiah (Isa. 40:11; Ezek. 34). Jesus Himself will claim this in one of the “I Am” statements of the gospel of John (10:11-18). Here, Micah reveals that this Shepherd serves in the strength and majesty of the Lord. 

“Universal” (4). Again, we have the idea, as in chapter four, that God foresaw the promised Messiah as one whose ministry would extend “to the ends of the earth” (Isa. 45:22; 52:10). Thus, Jesus taught (Luke 4:25-27; John 10:16). 

“Peace” (5). Micah says, “This One will be our peace.” Truly, He came as “Prince of Peace” (Isa. 9:6). Through His atoning ministry at Calvary, He made peace and is our peace (Eph. 2:14; Col. 1:20). It is unparalleled peace (John 14:27). As they faced the turmoil of war and invasion, what an incredible hope that One was coming who would bring peace in the most meaningful way possible. 

“Deliverer” (6-9). Literal Assyria fits neither the context (Nimrod hearkens back to Genesis 10) nor the audience (Micah’s warning was for Judah, for whom Babylonian Captivity awaited). Why does Micah word his prophecy this way? They were recognized enemies and oppressors. The point is that this Ruler would rescue His people from their enemies. He would rescue! He is “The Deliverer” (Isa. 59:20; Rom. 11:26). 

“Powerful” (10-14). We appreciate that Micah is still referencing the Messianic as he repeats the phrase, “in that day” (cf. 4:1). In that day, several things will be cut off. What they all have in common were things the people vainly put their trust in–horses and chariots, cities and forts, sorcery and soothsaying, and idolatry. They would recognize the unparalleled power of Messiah! 

“Just” (15). There would be vengeance on the disobedient, dispensed with righteous anger and wrath. The ultimate realization of this will be at the Second Coming of Christ (2 Th. 1:7-9; Rom. 12:19; Heb. 10:30). How poignantly put, that “A time is coming when ‘the obedience of the nations’ (Gen 49:10) will be given to ‘the Lion of the tribe of Judah’ (Rev 5:5; cf. Ps. 2:8–9; 110:2, 6; Rev 11:15)” (Barker, NAC, 106).

When we read Micah five, the promise does not end at the manger scene in Luke two. Neither did it begin in that obscure village. The Messiah was “of old” and will “reign forever.” This hope is not only for ancient Jews, but for us today! 

Micah: Judgment And Salvation (IV)

What does the prophet Micah have to say about Christ and His kingdom? Notice some interesting insights in this under-studied Minor Prophet.

A Ruler In The Last Days (4:1-12)

Neal Pollard

While some may see Micah’s words as finding their fulfillment in the return from Babylonian Captivity (which certainly is included; see v. 10), the hope extends to “the last days.” Whenever we see this in the prophets, it is typically Messianic (Acts 2:17 + Joel 2:28-32; Heb. 1:2; Js. 5:3; 2 Pet. 3:3; etc.). It would seem that the ultimate hope and fulfillment, after the refinement of punishment, would come in the days of Christ. What would this kingdom (8) look like?

It would be supreme (1). Notice the wording, that it would be “chief” and “above.” And so  it is (Phil. 3:8; 4:7). What makes it supreme is disclosed at the end of the chapter (12). 

It would be universal (1-2). “The peoples” and “many nations” would inhabit it. While there were “many nations” presently against the Jews (11), the future held out hope for all who wanted to come into the kingdom (Mat. 8:10-11; Acts 10:34-35). 

It would be illuminating (2). In this spiritual mountain, there would be His teaching and the roadmap to walk in His paths. Other prophets, like Jeremiah, held out this same hope (Jer. 31:31-34). New Testament writers showed that the church fulfilled this promise (Heb. 8:8-12; 2 Cor. 3:3; John 6:45). 

It would be authoritative (3). God would render judgments and decisions among all people from this realm. All would be subject (Acts 17:30-31). This kingdom would be for all (Dan. 2:44). 

It would be peaceful (3-4). While Micah’s contemporaries were witnessing the beginning of the rise of world powers, first Assyria, then Babylon, Greece, and Rome (Dan. 2), all characterized by force and military might, this kingdom would not only be more powerful but also be a way of peace. Micah illustrates this with four statements in verse four (cf. Joel 3:10). Jesus alludes to His kingdom being one of peace rather than war (John 18:36). Fear would be replaced with peace (John 14:27). 

It would be transforming (5). “All peoples” would follow their gods, but the righteous would walk in the name of the Lord forever. Micah’s peers had been struggling with idolatry for centuries, but that would cease. We can trace the Jewish return from exile down to the time of Christ and see idolatry once and for all eradicated from the nation. True conversion leads one to seek the Kingdom first (Mat. 6:33). 

It would be accessible (6-7). In this kingdom, there was a place for the most abject and afflicted. The lame and the outcast would be strong survivors, ruled by the Lord in a holy place forever (see Isa. 35:4ff; 61:1; Mat. 11:5; Luke 4:18). 

It would be better (8-11). God established David on his throne and blessed his descendants with a man on that throne. Yet, Babylon would bring that line to an end. The language of these verses depict the anguish and lamentation of a people defeated and opposed. Yet, staying with the context, a dominion and kingdom would come (8). God will insert Himself after the exile and lead them closer to the fulfillment of that Messianic kingdom (Heb. 12:28). 

It would be divine (12-13). Micah ends this section with a note of hope. Contrasted with the plans of the Babylonians are the thoughts, purpose, and power of the Lord (12). He foresees His people arising from the ashes of captivity, faithful and strong (13). Truly, “The section closes with the reminder that the Lord’s sovereignty extends to the whole earth (Zech 4:14; 6:5). So the victory will ultimately be his” (Barker, NAC, Vol. 20, 94). 

I agree with the assessment of James Smith, who writes, “Zion (the people of God) redeemed from Babylonian captivity is a type or foreshadowing of Messiah’s kingdom” (Minor Prophets, OT Survey Series, 327). That kingdom would be fought and resisted by individuals and nations, but it would stand (Dan. 2:44). It would withstand all opposition (Mat. 16:18). Even as these people faced retribution for their sins, Micah pointed to a better time beyond the price they had to pay. We enjoy the benefit of being on this side of the fulfillment of promises like those in Micah 4. Let us never take them for granted! 

Micah: Judgment And Salvation (III)

How Low Did They Go (Part 2)(3:1-12)?

Neal Pollard

Micah drills down on the leadership here, both civil and religious. Thus, you see charges leveled against the rulers (1-4, 9-12) and the prophets (5-8). When God fulfilled His promise to make a great nation of Abraham’s descendants, there was no distinction between the secular and religious. The nation’s laws for daily life also governed their spiritual life. There was no “separation of church and state” clause in the Law of Moses. Thus, these rulers were violating more than the laws of men. These prophets were mishandling not the words of men but the very words of God.

How low did these political and spiritual leaders go?

They were ignorant of justice (1). What follows was the result of their estrangement for what was true and right. Not only is ignorance no excuse; it is often the catalyst of heinous wrongs! So it is here.

They inverted right and wrong (2,9). Akin to Isaiah’s pronouncement of woe in Isaiah 5:20, where they called good evil and evil good, Micah charges the rulers with hating good and loving evil. When any government is so disposed, that nation is heading for disaster. No action is too depraved for them to consider. They “twist everything that is right” (9). 

They indulged in perversity and violence (2-3,10). While Micah appears to be speaking metaphorically, comparing the rulers to voracious predators tearing apart the sheep, it illustrates the “evil deeds” they had practiced (4). These leaders were so audacious that they would ravage the people, then cry out to God for help. God promises to totally ignore their pleas in the day of their need. 

They were insincere (5,11). Instead of telling the truth, the prophets adjusted their message according to their compensation. If a person fed them, the prophet cried “peace.” If not, they declared “holy war.” That made them hirelings rather than truth-tellers for God. The Lord’s disposition toward those who so cheapen His message is wrathful (cf. Jer. 6:14; 8:11). These serve for money rather than the Master (11). They engage in smoothness of speech. 

They were impotent (6-8). There was no power in these false prophets’ messages. They were seers without vision, walking in darkness rather than bringing light, and full of shame rather than boldness. They were messengers with closed mouths. They failed in every regard as God’s spokesmen! Micah shows us the contrast of such weakness and powerlessness. He was full of power, the Spirit, justice, and courage because he was willing to say the hard things and tell the truth. God honors such boldness (2 Tim. 4:1-4)! 

The fruit of such poor leadership is calamity and ruin (12). God wants them to know that He is fully aware of and eyewitness to all such self-serving abuse, and He will repay it (Gal. 6:7-8). Every position we find ourselves in, we are accountable stewards. We may not think anyone sees, knows, or cares, but there is One who always does. The greater our privileges and the more power and influence we have, the higher the accountability is (Luke 12:48)! 

Lifting Each Other Up

Travis Harrison

If you know me, you know that I love church camp. In fact, that’s where I met Jennifer back in the late 1990s, early 2000s at Taylor Christian Camp. Also, if you know me, you know I struggle with acting my age at times. It’s true – I am a big kid at times. Which leads me to this past summer at church camp. If you have ever been to camp you know that our young people love a good game of 4 square. It’s a big deal!  There’s always a long line, and you stand in this line for what seems like an hour to get into the game, just to be embarrassed by a 7-year-old. It’s awful, it’s terrible, and what’s worse you go to the back of the line just to do it all over again.  I learned a valuable lesson the hard way on that Monday night. Just because you’re still 20 years old in your mind, does not mean your body is! What could go wrong though? After all, I wasn’t the only person “of age”, notice I didn’t say old, out there playing. Jennifer, Josh, Cassie, Stephen and even Hiram were playing. The fun wouldn’t last long though. As I was chasing a ball out of bounds, my foot hit the grass, I slipped, my knee buckled, and I knew something was wrong.  The pain that shot through my leg was intense. Like any guy would, I tried to walk it off till it felt better, pretending like it was ok. I remember hearing Hiram ask, “Bro, you ok?” I tried to take another step, and I laid down on the ground. “Nope, I’m not ok guys, I think I just tore something in my knee.” Thankfully Josh and Stephen were there to help me off the ground. With one guy under each arm, they helped basically carry me into the lodge to see nurse Dawn and Clint Raymer. Clint was quick to diagnose that I had torn the meniscus in my knee. Dawn helped wrap my knee up, gave me an ice pack and medicine to ease the pain. She also let me know that I may or may not need to leave the 4 square games to the younger people. 

I had no plans to get hurt that day. It never crossed my mind that by playing a fun game I would change the course of my week. You can imagine the thoughts that raced through my mind; all the worst-case scenarios that I played out in my head. What was I going to do?  Our lives can be like this sometimes. We are going about our business, enjoying life. Everything is going great, not a care in the world. Then trouble comes, or disaster strikes, and the pain we feel is more than we can stand, and we can find ourselves on the ground. Sometimes physically, other times mentally, emotionally, spiritually and we can’t get ourselves up without help. What everyone did for me after my “incident” was care and have concern, which is exactly what God wants us to do as members of His family. We have an awesome family here at Cumberland Trace. I have personally experienced the literal and physical “lifting up” by my brothers and sisters in Christ, and I know many of you have also. God tells us over and over that this is exactly how he expects His people to be – but not just physically.  We are to come alongside one another and spiritually hold each other up.

 “Bear one another’s burdens, and so fulfill the law of Christ.” Galatians 6:2. “Confess your sins to one another and pray for one another, that you may be healed.” James 5:16.”  Our church family is a blessing, and our brothers and sisters can help us carry those heavy burdens in our lives and help keep on us track.  It starts by forming those deep, meaningful relationships and being able to speak openly about our struggles with sin as well as the physical and worldly issues we all face.  “But you don’t know or understand the things I’ve been through” …maybe not.  The circumstances might be different, but the results can be the same. We can lean on each other when those unexpected times in our lives come; we don’t have to do it alone. 

Look around you. Would you notice if one of your brothers or sisters wasn’t here? Have you checked on someone you haven’t seen recently? We’ve all heard it said that if you start to miss church, one day you won’t miss church.  We need to be in each other’s lives so much so that missing one service prompts us to check on our brother or sister. We miss them when they’re not here – we should be letting them know!  I know when we’ve been away and received multiple messages asking if we are ok – we feel encouraged by that! Maybe they’re sick? Just visiting family? Vacation? Or maybe they really are struggling with sin or fighting something that keeps them from wanting to be at church. “My brothers, if anyone among you wanders from the truth and someone brings him back, let him know that whoever brings back a sinner from his wandering will save his soul from death and will cover a multitude of sins.” James 5: 19-20. We are commanded to know each other well enough that we can answer these questions. If they’re sick, is there something you can do? Can you bring them something? If they’re struggling, are you praying for them? Can you spare a moment to listen to them? Are you willing to help lift that heavy load they’re carrying? We should be the crutch that our brothers and sisters lean on when they’re physically, mentally, spiritually exhausted and are too weak to stand alone. God through Paul tells us exactly how He wants us to interact in His family. “Therefore encourage one another and build one another up, just as you are doing. We ask you, brothers, to respect those who labor among you and are over you in the Lord and admonish you, and to esteem them very highly in love because of their work. Be at peace among yourselves. And we urge you, brothers, admonish the idle, encourage the fainthearted, help the weak, be patient with them all.” I Thessalonians 5:11-14.  We should treat our church family like the group of sheep in Matthew 18 – and we should all be the shepherd who goes after the one who’s gone astray. If we aren’t working on building these relationships, how will we even know if we’ve lost one? 

There were several things I could’ve done.  I could have just laid around the cabin and felt sorry for myself. I could have gone home, pouted – which I may have done a little due to the injured pride…I could have let disappointment, discouragement, or bitterness ruin my week. My Christian family didn’t let that happen. I’m glad that I stayed the whole week, even if I couldn’t walk for a couple days. Like I said I love church camp. It’s the most fun, joy filled, uplifting, and physically exhausting week ever, but I love it.  Part of what makes it so great is I get to spend a whole week with my family. My wife and kids, and my Christian family. Learning about God, growing closer to Him and growing closer to each other. I needed that reminder that week, that our Christian family can be there for us through all the things life is going to throw at us.  My brothers and sisters literally came alongside me and helped pick me up in more ways than one. I love my church family, and I hope you all do too. My hope for this new year in 2025, is we can all find opportunities to lift one another up. Get to know your Christian family better, in doing so, growing closer to each other so that we can share and rejoice in each other’s good times and can have confidence to lean on each other through the bad times. 

Micah: Judgment And Salvation (II)

How Low Did They Go (2:1-13)?

Neal Pollard

As Micah promises judgment on the southern kingdom (1:9ff), he now proves why it is justified here. While some of the problem centered on how the wealthy mistreated the poor, there is a general state of immorality which the prophet spells out in graphic terms. Micah’s use of imagery and word play stands out among the Minor Prophets. He paints some vivid pictures to depict the spiritual depths to which Judah had plunged.

They fantasized about committing evil acts when they went to bed, then they got up and did them because they were strong enough to get away with it (1-2). It is a tragic state of affairs to reach a place where your mind settles on wickedness when you are in a state of rest. To premeditate and scheme evil plans reveals a heart so far away from God! These people picked on the helpless and weak, a sin that especially grieves the heart of God (Psa. 10:17-18; 12:5; Ezek. 22:29; Mal. 3:5).  This was so egregious that God promises to act decisively against the guilty, a calamity from which they could not remove their necks (3), a destruction that would draw loud lamentation (4), a repression by enemies and rejection by God (5). 

They fought the truth and desired a message that accommodated their lifestyle (6-7). James Smith rightly observes, “To those who are living ungodly lives the word of Yahweh is like an annoying faucet drip” (OT Survey Series, 300). They preferred those who shifted the blame away from them and onto God (7). This was self-defeating! God’s rhetorical question still rings true: “Do not my words do good to the one walking uprightly?” Paul warns that a time would come when people preferred myths and fables over the truth (2 Tim. 4:3-5). They had reached such a low in Micah’s day! In too many places, people have reached such a place today!

They lacked basic compassion and decency toward those who most needed it (8-9). Four oppressed groups are singled out–the unsuspecting, the veteran down on his luck, women, and children. Those deserving their greatest respect, honor, and care they savagely attack. No wonder God responds by saying they were His enemy!

The consequence of their wickedness was eviction and destruction (10). They deserved the most worthless of preachers and prophets (11), since they had no taste or tolerance for God’s Word. What is remarkable about this? Despite the depths of their iniquity, God will still love and lead them if they would repent (12-13). All was not lost, if they would return. Kenneth Barker notes, “As Deane observed, ‘the prophet, without any preface, introduces abruptly a promise of restoration after exile, a type of the triumph of Messiah'” (NAC, 70). This spiritual purging was merited; But hope was possible for those who learned their lesson! 

Investing

What do you think of when you read or hear of “walking in the truth”? Is it more than worshipping according to the New Testament pattern and baptizing for the remission of sins? What does the epistle of 2 John teach us about this important character trait?


Gary Pollard

II John 3 talks about living in truth and love. John was happy that they were following the truth, but they apparently weren’t following the way of love. We’ve looked at how John defines this love in I John 3, but as a quick refresher: “This is how we know what real love is — Jesus gave his life for us. So we should give our lives for each other. Suppose a believer who is rich enough to have all the necessities of life sees a fellow believer who is poor and does not even have basic needs. What if the rich believer doesn’t help the poor one? Then it is clear that God’s love is not in that person’s heart” (16-17). He uses almost exactly the same formula in II John, which reads like I John if it were condensed to one chapter. 

In II John 6 he says, “Loving means living the way he commanded us to live. God’s command is this: that you live a life of love. You heard this command from the beginning.” We won’t have “grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and his Son” if we aren’t living in both truth and love (3). This lady and her family had the truth thing down, but their love needed some work. John seems to go back and forth between the truth and love theme in this letter. 

There’s a warning sandwiched between two “truth” statements. “Be careful! Don’t lose the reward we have worked for. Be careful so that you will receive all of that reward” (8). Be careful about what? “There are many false teachers in the world now,” and, “Everyone must continue to follow only the teaching about Christ. Whoever changes that teaching does not have God” (7 and 9). The teaching about Christ is that he came to Earth and became human (cf. 7). 

We may take this for granted and/or may not appreciate its significance. Many gods competed for the hearts of nations, and most of world had a pantheon. Paul said that these gods are actually just demons (I Cor 10.19-20; cf. Deut 32.17, I Enoch 19.1), and there is compelling evidence of certain of these taking different names throughout history. The Egyptian god Thoth was worshipped by the Greeks as Hermes and the Romans as Mercury. Amun (Egypt) was Zeus (Greece) and Jupiter (Rome). Isis (Egypt) was Aphrodite (Greece) and Venus (Rome). Ra (Egypt) was Zeus (Greece), Jupiter (Rome), and Indra (Hindu). Hathor (Egypt) was a fixation for some time over the last couple of centuries, and has also been associated with Aphrodite (Greece) and Venus (Rome).1 This list is far from exhaustive. They’re all just archetypes used by demons to manipulate and derail civilizations. 

No god took human form23 and lived a very public life doing good for others in the most selfless possible way. No god was perfectly innocent. But God made himself human, was morally perfect, and sacrificed his physical body before coming back to life. That last action was a promise — we’ll get that too! God becoming human for our sake is the most beautiful narrative ever conceived. God becoming human revealed the Great Mystery to all of humanity for the first time (Eph 3.4-6, Col 4.3): there is a greater power, he wants a relationship with humanity, and he’s coming back to save his family when earth is destroyed. 

With this truth in our hearts, God expects us to capitalize on any opportunities we have to show selfless love to our Christian family, and then to all people we encounter. 

Don’t save treasures for yourselves here on earth. Moths and rust will destroy them and thieves can break in and steal them. Instead, save your treasures in the heavens, where they cannot be destroyed by moths or rust and where thieves cannot break in and steal them. Your heart will be where your treasure is (Mt 6.19-21). 

1 Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (2017, October 27). 11 Egyptian Gods and Goddesses. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/list/11-egyptian-gods-and-goddesses
2At the very least it’s curious that many polytheistic cultures believed in an incorporeal afterlife. A physical God and a physical resurrection repulsed the Gnostics, who were certainly influenced by Egyptian theology. The Egyptians believed in a non-physical afterlife, as did many or most other religions (sadly, many Christians do, too). While it may or may not be accurate, Enoch claims that demons are the spirits (consciousness) of human/watcher offspring who’ve been relieved of their bodies (15.8-9). If that’s true, it’s at least interesting that most of the cultures they influenced also despised the concept of a physical afterlife. Our God came back to life in a real, physical body and promised us the same. It’s real hope. Their gods are smoke and mirrors and offer no tangible, practical hope. 
3I’m not talking about humans whose actions ultimately led their deification, but primordial “gods” considered superior to humanity by the cultures who worship them. 

Is Your Ox Getting Heavy?

Have you heard of Milo of Croton? Perhaps you are carrying some heavy burdens that would take a strength greater than his to bear? Is there help?

Dale Pollard

Milo of Croton was a six-time Olympic wrestling champion and legendary athlete from the 6th century BC Greek city of Croton. He’s a well known figure in ancient history for many impressive feats including winning the boys’ wrestling competition in 540 BC and then the men’s wrestling competition for four years in a row (62nd through 66th Olympiads). However, Milo is probably best known not for his wrestling career but  for his strength training methods. This supposedly involved carrying a young calf over his shoulder every day until it progressively grew larger and larger until eventually the calf became a fully matured ox. Afterwards he allegedly even carried the ox through the stadium at Olympia. 

It’s unknown exactly how heavy the confused ox on Milo’s shoulder was but today they can weigh between 1,500 and 3,000 pounds. Oxen are larger and heavier than cows, are intentionally bred to be the strongest and largest animals capable of doing work. It typically takes about two years from birth to maturity which doesn’t seem like a long time— unless you’ve been picking it up every day. 

Hebrews 12:10 encourages the Christian by reminding us that the temporal discipline we receive from God is for our eternal benefit. Taking up the name of Christ and lifting up our cross on a daily basis may seem daunting but it’s only for a season. The process itself increases our endurance and firms up our faith and the most encouraging part of all is that we aren’t expected to make the lifts alone. 

“You shall not see your brother’s donkey or his ox fallen down by the way and ignore them. You shall help him to lift them up again” 

(Deut. 22.4). 

“I was pushed hard, so that I was falling, but the LORD helped me” (Ps. 118.13). 

“For my yoke is easy and my burden is light”

 – Jesus (Matt. 11.30) 

Micah: Judgment And Salvation (I)

Seeing The Word Of The Lord (1:1-16)

Neal Pollard

Micah’s audience is both the northern and southern kingdoms, but the time markers given by the prophet show us that it was at the very end of Israel’s existence. Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah cover a span of 750-686, with Hezekiah assuming the throne in 729. Assyria invades and destroys Israel in 722 B.C. For the historical background to Micah, simply read 2 Kings 15-20, 2 Chronicles 27-32, and Isaiah 7,20, 36-39. Shalmanezer V and Sargon II invade and destroy Samaria, Israel’s capital, and then attempt to do the same to Judah. That is a colossal failure, with Sennacherib (who succeeds Sargon) losing his entire army then his life about 10 years after the fall of Israel. All of these events fall within the date of Micah’s writing.

But why does Micah write? It is hard to miss the twofold nature of his message throughout the book. The people’s sin draw inevitable punishment, the righteous Judge wielding His sovereign, perfect judgment. Yet, in each of the three messages (ch. 1-2, ch. 3-5, and ch. 6-7), Micah holds forth the promise of salvation for a “remnant.” Really, all the minor prophets, including those with extraordinarily grim messages (like Hosea, Amos, and Micah), insert hope and promise within their books. Such is God’s nature in written revelation! As long as there is time there is hope. Only after the final judgment will there be no chance for mankind. Only after death is the possibility of restoration gone.

Micah 1:1-8 is a lamentation for Israel, the northern kingdom. There, we notice the prophet’s message to these soon-to-be destroyed people who had abandoned God. Micah 1:8-16 is a lamentation for Judah, the southern kingdom. There, we notice the prophet’s message to an impenitent people whose judgment was further in the future but just as certain.  Micah presents a warning, a wailing, and a woe in this first chapter. 

Anticipation (1-7). What should the northern kingdom expect? A general accounting. The witnesses in their trial would be all the peoples of the earth (2). They would see the Lord come in judgment against Israel, and it would be cataclysmic (3-4). Yet, it was consummately just and fair. Israel sinned and rebelled (5), not unlike Judah (5b). For the moment, though, Micah focuses on the consequences for the north (6-7). The nation, with its idolatry, would be destroyed. She played the harlot and would receive the appropriate wages! 

Lamentation (8-9). From here forward, the prophet shifts his attention to the southern kingdom. The prophet, himself from Judah, mourns and wails at the prospect of his message. Twice he says, “I must lament!” His stunning realization is that the cancer of Israel’s sin had metastasized and spread to Judah: “For it has come to Judah; It has reached the gate of my people, Even to Jerusalem.”

Exhortation (10-16). From here, Micah sounds the alarm! In Hebrew, the 11 towns mention form a word play. The names have significance. Moffatt’s translation captures it well: “weep tears at Teartown (Bochim), grovel in the dust at Dustown (Beth-ophrah), Stirtown (Zaanan) does not stir, etc.” (as cited in Kenneth Barker, New American Commentary, 57). Each of these cities were in the path of Sennacherib’s march to Jerusalem to do to Judah what he had done to Israel (see 2 Kings 18:13ff). But, though Judah would be spared Assyrian Captivity, their sin would lead them to eventual exile (16) which we can read in other places comes at the hands of the Babylonians. 

There is a promise of restoration coming, but for now the message is that punishment is due. The people of God had abandoned their heritage and identity, exchanging it for the pleasures of sin for a season. Such is always a foolish and futile endeavor!