Tag: Christian

Apologia I (Why Origen?)

One of the fastest-growing threats to Christian faith today is deconstructionism. It’s not a tightly organized movement, which makes it hard to confront directly. It’s multifaceted, and some of the questions it raises are valid. I believe our enemy, the devil, has taken advantage of real, unresolved questions within modern Christianity and used them—combined with some Christians’ dismissive or defensive posture— to undermine the faith of millions.

Gary Pollard

Now that we’re several sections into Origen’s On first principles, I want to explain why I’m taking on this project. Why Origen? Why devote time to a writer who isn’t considered “inspired”? Aren’t there enough lost and dying souls as it is? Why focus on something like this? Shouldn’t I be spending my energy elsewhere? And if Origen sometimes says things that seem strange or uncomfortable to modern Christian ears, why publish them at all?

One of the fastest-growing threats to Christian faith today is deconstructionism. It’s not a tightly organized movement, which makes it hard to confront directly. It’s multifaceted, and some of the questions it raises are valid. I believe our enemy, the devil, has taken advantage of real, unresolved questions within modern Christianity and used them—combined with some Christians’ dismissive or defensive posture— to undermine the faith of millions. I won’t go into specific details here, but this movement deserves serious attention.

We’ve inherited a bit of theological and traditional baggage over the centuries—not enough to undermine the legitimacy of our faith, but enough to create some distance between us and the beliefs of first-century Christians. Much of this divergence can be traced to the fourth-century ecumenical councils. These councils took unsettled questions—once considered open for discussion and not barriers to fellowship—and hardened them into dogma. Today there are over 45,000 Christian denominations worldwide. Deconstruction is one of Satan’s most effective weapons in this decade.

I’ve spent the past couple of years “behind the lines” of this movement—reading their writings, listening to their podcasts, joining their forums and servers. Here’s what I’ve noticed:

  • A widespread rejection of materialism and the wealth-driven mindset of previous generations. While not universal, this pattern appears frequently.
  • A growing disdain for shallow, mindless entertainment. Most are searching for deeper meaning, esoteric knowledge, and truth. They seek intellectual stimulation, not dilute copium. Jordan Peterson may have played a key role— his unabridged deep dives into philosophy, psychology, and biblical themes deepen hunger for significance and intellectual engagement. Not a bad thing! But as we’ll see, many (especially our own) are looking for depth, meaning, and truth elsewhere. 
  • This hunger often leads to other similar podcasts, YouTube channels, and alternative history theories. Again, not bad things. These sources rarely align with the mainstream historical or scientific views, but they seem to resonate with reality far better. The problem is that this skepticism extends to religion. Many consider themselves spiritual, so they reject Christianity for universalism, neo-paganism, or other alternatives. The consistent thread is that they don’t trust religious leaders to be honest or unbiased. Many cited the church’s inability—or unwillingness—to address difficult questions as being what drove them away.

The outcome is usually one or more of the following: pantheism, paganism, gnosticism, universalism, agnosticism, Epicureanism, occultism, even nihilism. I know this reads like something from an 80s church pamphlet warning about Led Zeppelin and pinball machines— but this is actually real, and it’s happening by the millions. You can see its symptoms for yourself: search YouTube for “Gnosticism,” “esotericism,” or “alternative history.” Most of the top videos have millions of views. Even obscure channels discussing niche topics may have hundreds of thousands of views. Do some research on the growth of all of the groups listed above. 

So, why am I dragging both of my readers through Origen’s writings? Because millions of people (again, many of our own) are searching for truth—and they don’t trust the modern Christian’s interpretation of ancient texts. Origen was probably the first Christian to organize the church’s teachings into a coherent theological system. He did this before the government-sponsored councils of the fourth century began enforcing orthodoxy. His work offers powerful responses to many of the questions fueling deconstructionism. It also gives us a glimpse of what Christians believed before AD 325—and that’s exactly what many of these seekers are hungry for. 

My goal is simple: to make On first principles accessible to the average truth-seeker or questioner. Origen provides the most complete early summary of Christian theology. He’s not considered canonical by any denomination, and his work may irritate some Christians. That’s why I think these seekers and questioning believers will be willing to read it. If it also encourages the faithful, even better. But I’m doing this primarily for the seekers and questioners, not the saved.

This project is my attempt to patch a breach in the dam and help pull at least some of these wandering souls back toward the light. Many of us have watched friends or loved ones fall victim to this movement. Origen’s work—especially when stripped of later editorial influence—may be one of the most effective tools we have right now. 

Nobody Is Perfect

Cody Basham

Nobody is perfect. That’s not news to anyone. However, if you are not a Christian yet and you are learning some of the Bible’s teachings you might wonder if you are too imperfect to become a Christian. But let me assure you; you are not. One of the most well-known apostles of the Bible is Paul. Most of us know the backstory of Paul and how he is known initially as Saul of Tarsus, a persecutor of Christians. He was literally the opposite of a Christian.

In Acts 9:1-18 the Bible records how Saul goes from being a persecutor to a baptized believer. In verses 1-3 we see how he was actively “breathing threats and murder against the disciples of the Lord….” Now Saul was well known for zealously persecuting Christians throughout the entirety of Rome. He even recounts his own actions again in Acts 22:4 where he states, “I persecuted Christians this Way to the death, binding and delivering into prisons both men and women.” At the time, Saul had a terrible reputation for someone that would later become a Christian. However, God had bigger plans for Saul.

Looking on down at verses 3-6, it says, “As he journeyed he came near Damascus, and suddenly a light shone around him from heaven. Then he fell to the ground, and heard a voice saying to him, ‘Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting Me?’” And he said, ‘Who are you, Lord?’ Then the Lord said, ‘I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting. It is hard for you to kick against the goads.’ So he, trembling and astonished, said, ‘Lord, what do You want me to do?’ Then the Lord said to him, ‘Arise and go into the city, and you will be told what you must do.’” Now we know that Saul lost his sight for 3 days until Ananias had laid his hands on him to regain his vision and ultimately to receive the Holy Spirit too.

Then in the second half of verse 18, the Bible recorded that Saul arose and was baptized. After his baptism he spent a few days with the disciples at Damascus learning about Jesus and God’s will. Furthermore after Saul had regained his strength from his journey to Damascus, he immediately preached the Christ in the synagogues, that He [Jesus] is the Son of God. In essence we see if you answer God’s call and as it states in John 8:31-32, “If you abide in My word, you are My disciples indeed. And you shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free.” But what are we free from?

In John 8:34-36, we see Jesus speaking to the Jews stating, “Most assuredly, I say to you, whoever commits sin is a slave of sin. And a slave does not abide in the house forever, but a son abides forever. Therefore if the Son makes you free, you shall be free indeed.” As Christians we know sin is a bondage of death. We know we need a savior that frees us from that bondage. Jesus is that Savior.

Another example is found in the first few verses of Matthew chapter 9, where the Pharisees are questioning why Jesus sat with Matthew who was a tax collector and his disciples at the same table. In verses 12 and 13, Jesus responded intently with “Those who are well have no need of a physician, but those who are sick. But go and learn what this means: ‘I desire mercy and not sacrifice.’ For I did not come to call the righteous, but sinners, to repentance.” If you are struggling with any kind of sin, any kind at all, you are not alone. There are plenty of people who struggle with sin day to day but are taking small steps each day to become a little better. Will we become perfect over a lifetime of dedication? No, but we will be better. And for what shortcomings we do have, God’s grace will abound.

God knows we will stumble from time to time, but that does not mean as a Christian we should continue in sin. In Romans 6:1-2 Paul wrote ,“What shall we say then? Shall we continue in sin that grace may abound? Certainly not! How shall we who died to sin live any longer in it?” Paul later suggests in Romans 6:11 “…reckon yourselves to be dead indeed to sin, but alive to God in Christ Jesus our Lord.” He then reiterates in verse 23, “For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.”

I want you to know that no matter what your current situation is, you are not alone. We have so many Christians that would be more than willing to help you walk with Jesus.

Hosea: Unfaithfulness (X)

What is your biggest impression about Hosea up to this point?

A Charge, A Complaint, And A Call (10:1-15)

Neal Pollard

The unfaithfulness of the people is further highlighted by a metaphor of a vineyard (1-4), a picture of their idolatrous worship (5-8), a description of their guilt (9-11), and a command to repent (12-15). Much like the previous chapter, Hosea writes about how the people had thoroughly forsaken the God who blessed them for the influences of the world around them. God is heartbroken, but He is also omnisciently aware of how they forsook Him to His face. Notice the content of the chapter.

The Charge (1-8). At the top of the list is ingratitude (1). The more their fruit and the richer their land, the more steeped in pagan practices the became. Why? Their heart is faithless (2). They are also charged with misplaced confidence, ignoring God but saddled with a weak and helpless king (3). They are charged with empty oaths (4). They are devoted to their worthless idols and they pour out their hearts to them (5). Their mourning would turn to shame and sorrow when, only too late, they realize the consequences of their sin as it causes their captivity (6-8). In fact, they would be horrified. Everything they relied on would not only fail them, but they would be destroyed alongside them. They would beg for the hills and mountains to fall on them and cover them (8). 

The Complaint (9-11). God looks back (9) and sees a pattern of apostasy that goes back at least as far as the Period of the Judges. Gibeah, mentioned first in 5:8 and again in 9:9, is associated with some of the “deepest depravity” anyone, much less God’s people, ever committed (see Judges 19-20).  Duane Garrett also associates it with Saul’s military fortress, a king more devoted to the military than to the Lord (NAC, 214). They will be overtaken in this infamous city. He says they bear “double guilt” (10). He says they are a trained heifer that loves to thresh (11), and God will allow them to do so in the yoke of captivity and punishment (11b). They were a fruitful vine, but yielded only poisonous fruit. They were an industrious heifer, but threshed that unfit produce. God’s patience with such hardhearted rebellion was exhausted. 

The Call (12-15). Yet, He does not simply throw up His hands at this point. He renews His plea to this stubborn people. Staying with the farming analogy, He calls for them to sow righteousness, reap kindness, break up their fallow ground (be genuinely penitent, not just on the surface), seek the Lord, and wait for the rain of righteousness (12). Yet, their misplaced trust and malevolent decisions (13-14) had them on course for tumult, destruction, and being cut off. 

God’s anger seems hot and His judgments pointed. If there is any question about whether He is moved only by wrath and not also unrequited love, keep reading. The next chapter will prove His steadfast love, even in the face of all of this. How tragic that Israel refused to see it. As tragic is when the world (1 Tim. 2:4-5) or I (Heb. 2:3) refuse to see such love and respond in faithful obedience! 

Hosea: Unfaithfulness (IX)

When God Lets Go (9:1-17)

Neal Pollard

If we wonder why God chose to use a harlot like Gomer to represent Israel, all we need to do is read the inspired indictment in chapter nine. Again using Ephraim, the largest tribe, to represent the northern kingdom, God lays out the unfaithfulness of His people in the multitudinous ways they were guilty. In verse one, he explicitly accuses Israel, saying, “For you have played the harlot, forsaking your God. You have loved harlots’ earnings…” (1). What spiritual toll would this take on the nation?

They would starve (1b-2). They had given Baal credit for their harvests (2:8-9), but their anticipated harvests would not come. There would be no wheat or wine! God would withhold those material provisions. 

They would go into captivity (3,6). This actually expressed in multiple ways in this chapter. First, explicitly, Hosea says they would not remain in “the Lord’s land” (3). They would return to “Egypt” (a figurative way to describe the bondage of captivity, 3), which Hosea makes parallel to Assyria (3b). He says, “they will go” (6) and again symbolically mentions Egypt and Memphis (a famous cemetery in Egypt, Robert Chisholm, BKC, 1399) to show how they would die in this frightening process (6). It is described as “punishment” and “retribution” (7). Finally, he says God “will cast them away” and “they will be wanderers among the nations” (17). 

Their worship would be rejected (4-5). Hosea mentions drink offerings, sacrifices, bread, appointed festivals, and feast days, central to Old Testament worship. These won’t please Him and He will not allow them to enter His house. God stands at the door of the temple and stops His people from coming in and trying to worship Him. Can you imagine?

Their spiritual leaders would be powerless to help them (7-9). These seem to be true prophets and divinely-inspired men, driven mad by the grossness of their iniquity and the greatness of their hostility (7). They are full of depravity, iniquity, and sins, and faithful messengers, like Isaiah, Joel, Amos, Micah, Elijah, Elisha, Micaiah, and others, had been warning them to repent and return to God. But they were so far gone in their wickedness that they rendered themselves incapable of restoration. It can happen (2 Pet. 2:14). 

They would be unfruitful, barren, and bereaved of children (10-14,16). Much of the latter half of this chapter is devoted to how costly the people’s sins would be on their descendants. While they would not bear the guilt of their parents’ sins (Ezek. 18:20), they would bear the consequences of them. The fortunate ones would be those not born (11,14) and not delivered (16). They would be bereaved–childless (12). If righteousness strengthens a home, sin certainly destroys it. 

They would be unloved and rejected by God (15,17). Go back and review these first five consequences of Israel’s unfaithfulness. They are sobering in the extreme! Yet, add this last one to it and it becomes absolutely unfathomable! What is worse than having God declare, “I came to hate them” (15), “I will love them no more” (15), and that He will cast them away (17). A penitent David, heartbroken by his sin, pleaded, “Cast me not away from Your presence, O Lord” (Psa. 51:11). Yet, that is exactly what God is doing to Israel.

Like Hosea, God tried to bring His bride back and give her another chance. In fact, He had given her countless chances over the centuries. But she was devoted to deviance and intent on iniquity. Now, God pledges that He is letting go. He will not fight for her affection anymore. Let us not ignore the fact that God does not want to do this, but if we refuse His overtures we should understand that He will! 

Hosea: Unfaithfulness (VIII)

Reaping The Whirlwind (8:1-14)

Neal Pollard

Hosea calls for a trumpet to sound, an action that symbolizes judgment and warning in both the Old and New Testaments (Ex. 20:18; Jud. 6:34; Hos. 5:8; 1 Cor. 15:52; 1 Th. 4:16). An enemy will come against Israel because of transgression and rebellion (1). While the whole chapter will specifically address what that sin was, Hosea describes the whole matter in verse seven. This is one of the best-known passages from the book, where the prophet writes of Israel, “For they sow the wind And they reap the whirlwind.” What was the iniquity they sowed?

Lip service (2-3). It is an act of desperation, in view of impending doom. They cry out, “My God, we of Israel know You!” (2). They not only confess Him, but they appeal to their identity as Israel. However, “Israel” has rejected the good. How well this illustrates the condemnation Christ would later make of their descendants, quoting Isaiah  29:13, “This people honors Me with their lips, But their heart is far away from Me” (Mat. 15:8). Jesus calls this hypocrisy, and so it was for Israel! We sow to the wind when our devotion is no more than skin deep. 

Failure to consult God (4-6). This was true of their earthly rulers, their kings and princes (4). This was true of their idols (4). Verses five and six make a difficult text, and the wording is confusing. It seems that Hosea is referring to the calf set up by Jeroboam (1 Ki. 12:28-29; cf. Hos. 10:5-6). God is outraged at Israel’s guilt and immorality. They pay homage to a calf idol and ignore Him. That calf would be broken in pieces (6), and the people who worship it would be “cut off” (4). We sow to the wind when we fail to keep God in the only place He will accept (Mat. 6:24,33; Ex. 20:3; Js. 4:4). 

Political folly (8-10).  The same issues the prophet Isaiah repeatedly addressed, trusting in earthly alliances rather than submitting to the authority and power of God, are highlighted by Hosea. “They hire allies among the nations” (10), but they would have the respect of no one (8). Like a donkey, stubborn and resistant to rule, they turn to man instead of God. Their foolish choice of lovers and protectors would cause them to diminish and be of no delight. We sow to the wind when we put our trust in man and refuse to submit to the Lordship of the only Master who can save and deliver us (Prov. 3:5; Isa. 36:4). 

Empty rituals (11-13). Like the first offense mentioned in this chapter (lip service), this is a matter of a people more than willing to worship but unwilling to know and practice His Word. They regarded the many precepts of His law as a strange thing, but they kept on coming to worship and going through the motions anyway (12). Yet, as Hosea has already told them, “I delight in loyalty rather than sacrifice, and in the knowledge of God rather than burnt offerings” (6:6). Because of this, God will cause them to go into “Egypt” (13; this must be symbolic given the timeframe, standing for exile and captivity. They are going to Assyria (7:11). We sow to the wind when we refuse to repent of the sin of our daily lives, but insist on continuing to offer worship. 

Self-reliance (14). The condemning, closing indictment is succinctly put: “Israel has forgotten his Maker.”  They built their palaces and fortified cities with no thoughts of God. But God vows to set those dwellings on fire. How God had warned them against self-reliance from the time of the giving of the Law! “Beware that you do not forget the Lord your God by not keeping His commandments and His ordinances and His statutes which I am commanding you today; otherwise, when you have eaten and are satisfied, and have built good houses and lived in them, and when your herds and your flocks multiply, and your silver and gold multiply, and all that you have multiplies, then your heart will become proud and you will forget the Lord your God who brought you out from the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery” (Deut. 8:11-14). He warned that the danger would be to say, “My power and the strength of my hand made me this wealth” (Deut. 8:17b). So it was in Hosea’s day. So it usually is in every generation. We sow to the wind when we trust in our income, our wisdom, and our strength, forgetting the God who gives every good and perfect gift (Js. 1:17). God reminds us “that there were not many wise according to the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble” chosen by God (1 Cor. 1:26-27a). When self is too strong and sufficient, we buy into the illusion that we have provided everything for ourselves. The rich farmer shows us how poorly that ends (Luke 12:20)! 

Hosea: Unfaithfulness (VII)

A Physician Desiring To Heal, But A Patient Who Refuses Treatment (7:1-16)

Neal Pollard

While God changes the metaphor to describe His relationship with the northern kingdom, from husband and wife to doctor and patient, the unfaithfulness of Israel is a continued theme. Hosea’s words are addressed to Ephraim, again chosen to represent the whole nation due to its place as largest tribe. The diagnosis is extremely critical, and the outlook is grim. Yet, in the midst of the warnings, one still sees a hurt God who reels with the feelings of rejection. Hosea bemoans her refusal to return to God (10). God cries, “They have strayed from Me!” (13). He says, “I would redeem them, but they speak lies against Me” (13). “They do not cry to Me from their heart when they wail on their beds” (14). “They turn away from Me” (14). For all He did for them, they plotted evil against Him (15). Yes, He is angry, but He also is filled with profound hurt at being rejected by His people. 

When you get a physical and blood is drawn and tests are administered, you get a report that indicates your overall health picture, including blood pressure, cholesterol, blood sugar, etc. Those statistics help measure your health (or lack thereof). Notice the spiritual health report from this divinely-administered checkup.

  • They were deceivers (1).
  • They were deluding themselves (2,11). 
  • They were delighted in sin (3). 
  • They were disloyal to their spouses (4) and their God (10).
  • They were drunkards (5).
  • They were deranged by sinful anger (6-7).
  • They were devoured by strangers, but didn’t know it (9).
  • They were devising evil against God (12-16).

God’s diagnosis is blunt and sobering. He calls her “a cake not turned” (8), “a silly dove, without sense” (11), and “a deceitful bow” (16). They turn, but not toward God (16). He could heal them and make all things whole for them, but they refuse to turn to them even as their self-inflicted suffering is at its worst. God sees them as beyond hope, though He continues to love them and long for their return.

I wonder how often this expresses God’s feelings for congregations and individual Christians, His covenant people with whom He is in a special relationship with. How often does He see one, racked by sin and self-inflicted hurts, looking anywhere and everywhere but up to the only source of healing and hope? Does He see a relentless pursuit of the world and worldly answers despite His desire to be the remedy for all that ails us? More pointedly, I ask that about me. Am I spiritually sick, but so self-centered that I refuse to turn to Him? Hosea’s message should be taken very personally! When it is, it helps me see how much God loves me and hates my sin and what it does to me. 

Hosea: Unfaithfulness (VI)

A Call To Return To the Scorned Husband (6:1-11)

Neal Pollard

After the severe admonition of the Lord, Hosea leads the call to God’s people to return to Him (1). The reasoning is clear. Though He had justly punished their unfaithfulness, He would also heal, bandage, and shortly revive them (1-2). He renews the call in verse three, for Israel to invest in the relationship. He calls for “press on to know the Lord” (3), an intimate act to show Him their love and interest for Him. He would respond in eager, generous affection (3b). Despite the promise and hope of restoration, God knows how fickle and unfaithful of heart His people are (4-11). He describes it in those last several verses.

“Like a morning cloud and like the dew” (4-5). This is the picture of an inability to sustain faithful love. They briefly submit to Him and show Him loyalty, but it gone as quickly as a cloud and the dew. True character emerges and temporary resolve disappears. How that had to hurt God’s heart! Neither would they be able to get away with it, as God’s judgment would fall heavily on them (5); 

Lacking in loyalty and knowledge (6). They knew how to make the outward expressions of love. They brought God sacrifices and burnt offerings, but it was empty and superficial. Throughout Scripture, God tells us that He rejects shallow sanctity and hollow holiness. In Isaiah 1:11, God says He’d had enough of their sacrifices and took no pleasure in them. When the self-righteous, but hypocritical, religious leaders criticize Jesus for eating with tax collectors and sinners, His response is more of a rebuke than we might first think. He quotes this passage and applies it to them (Mat. 9:13). He does it again when they criticize Jesus’ disciples for picking grain on the Sabbath (Mat. 12:7). The Pharisees and scribes illustrated the very skin deep religion God condemns by the pen of Hosea. 

Full of transgression and treachery (7-11). Even as they attended worship and gave their offerings, they 1) transgressed like Adam (7), 2) dealt treacherously with God (7), and 3) murder and commit various spiritual crimes (8-9). God’s summary analysis of their lives in stark and startling: “In the house of Israel I have seen a horrible thing; Ephraim’s harlotry is there, Israel has defiled itself” (10). Whatever temporary efforts they made to make things right with God, their fleshly desires and wayward hearts returned to straying. While Judah was not yet as far down the road as Israel, she was heading the same direction as her sister (11). She would experience the same result, though not to the same degree as Israel.

Can you see the outraged, angry God, holding on and holding out His hand in persistent love and care? Despite what all she had done and what, with perfect foresight, He knew she would do, the brokenhearted God still hopes and longs for His wayward wife to come to her senses. But, with a perfect innocence and holiness exclusive to Him, He would reach a point where He would bear with her adultery no longer. But, you can see how He disdained the very thought. 

Hosea: Unfaithfulness (IV)

The Lord’s Case With Israel (4:1-19)

Neal Pollard

Hosea 4 begins the prophet’s disclosure of what his personal assignment was truly about. Writing from an empathy he otherwise would not have had, the inspired seer lays out the Lord’s case against His bride, Israel. It is possible to teach on subjects that one has no personal experience with and be effective, leaning on the power of God’s Word (Heb. 4:12). Yet, some of the most passionate, persuasive lessons come from intimate knowledge. For an omniscient God, there is perfect knowledge about every subject, but He is speaking from experience through the pen of Hosea. As such, He states His case (1).

The overview of the charges (1b-2). There is a twofold indictment against Israel. She is guilty of negligence, for her failure to be what she should be and do what she should do. He says, “There is no faithfulness or kindness Or knowledge of God in the land” (1). They lacked faithfulness, which James Swanson defines as “a state or condition of being dependable and loyal to a person or standard” (Dict. Of Biblical Languages, np). They were devoid of kindness (lovingkindness, loyalty; “The core idea of this term relates to loyalty within a relationship,” Nettelhorst, in Lexham Theo. Wdbk, np). They were without knowledge (“information of a person, with a strong implication of relationship to that person,” Swanson, np). All three of these sins of omission center around the neglect of the relationship, a failure to invest in it to the point that they were cold, distant, disinterested, and, not surprisingly, unfaithful to the relationship. 

On the other side of this, they were aggressors as much as they were passive in this relationship. Verse two says, “There is swearing, deception, murder, stealing and adultery. They employ violence, so that bloodshed follows bloodshed.” Their unfaithfulness went beyond a failure to love. They were hateful and guilty of immorality on a grand scale. Their aggression was seen in acts of sexual immorality, but also violent mistreatment of others. God was an appalled, aggrieved groom. 

The outcome of the crimes committed (3-14). Hosea focuses on the many consequences that followed Israel’s guilt in both her sins of omission and commission. The land and the people mourned (3). Sin promises joy and satisfaction, but it delivers guilt, misery, and emptiness (Psa. 38:4-8; Prov. 13:15). The people stumbled (5). They walked around in perpetual darkness and the prophets were no help. This sin cut across prophet, priest, and people. The people were destroyed for lack of knowledge (6). They were guilty of violating half of the Ten Commandments, the third, sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth (M. Weiss. “The Decalogue in Prophetic Literature.” The Ten Commandments in History and Tradition. Ed. B.-Z. Segal and G. Levi. Jerusalem: Magnes, 1985. 67–81). These relate mostly to sins against one another, but also include sin against God (including the mention of idols later in the chapter). The Period of the Judges proves that the failure to know God leads to limitless lawlessness (Jud. 2:11-23; 17:6-21:25). They prospered, but it led to sin and shame (7). Perhaps they thought money would buy happiness, but Scripture shows that the opposite is more the rule (1 Tim. 6:9-10). They negatively influenced each other, subjecting themselves to shame (8-9). Hosea points out that they negatively influenced one another through their sinful living–“it will be, like people, like priest” (9; cf. 1 Cor. 15:33). If only they had remembered Solomon’s inspired wisdom: “Righteousness exalts a nation, But sin is a disgrace to any people” (Prov. 14:34). They were greedy, but unfulfilled (10). They fed the desires of their flesh, to their undoing (11).  Consider the divine truth Paul would some day share: “Do not be deceived, God is not mocked; for whatever a man sows, this he will also reap. For the one who sows to his own flesh will from the flesh reap corruption, but the one who sows to the Spirit will from the Spirit reap eternal life” (Gal. 6:7-8). They were ruined by idolatry (12-14). Entire families were consumed with religious sins that led to moral disintegration. It was pitiful, yet powerful. Israel was running headlong after sin, and it was spiritually killing them every step of the way!

The order for the chosen ones (15-19). Hosea diverts his attention from Israel to Judah, the southern kingdom and the tribe from which the Messiah would eventually come. While addressing Israel and warning her against evil influence, Hosea also charges Judah to learn from Israel’s folly and avoid it! He tells Judah to stay away from Israel’s centers of idolatry, Gilgal (9:15; 12:11), Beth-aven (Bethel? 5:8; 10:5; cf. Amos 4:4; 5:5), and Ephraim. The latter was the largest tribe of the northern kingdom, and it often is used to represent the entire nation. At least four reasons are given to stay away from Ephraim (17-19):

  • Ephraim was a stubborn heifer–They could not be fed and pastured in such a state (16). 
  • Ephraim was joined to idols– God simply says, “Let him alone” (17)
  • Ephraim was morally degenerate–“Their liquor gone, They play the harlot continually; Their rulers dearly love shame” (18)
  • Ephraim was doomed–“The wind wraps them in its wings, And they will be ashamed because of their sacrifices” (19)(cf. James Smith, The Major Prophets, OT Survey Series, 232).

While this was not a legal case as much as it was like a divorce proceeding, it was an open and shut case. Israel was not only as guilty as sin, they were guilty of sin in every imaginable plain and to an unbelievable degree! What a reminder of the well-worn adage that “sin will take you further than you wanted to go, keep you longer than you wanted to stay, and cost you more than you wanted to pay.” Israel seems to be oblivious to danger. Would Judah learn from the sins of her sister?

Hosea: Unfaithfulness (I)

An Excruciating Assignment (1:1-11)

Neal Pollard

Perhaps no book in the Bible begins more startlingly than Hosea. Truly, this headliner of the section known as the Minor Prophets is difficult both in its message and its method. Linguists who approach this book rank it with Job as the most difficult to translate due to writing style and the number of unique and rare words making up Hosea. Yet, it is a fascinating book that draws heavily on people, places, and events from the Pentateuch (Gen.-Deut.). Those books are cited as evidence against the sins of the people in Hosea’s day. The prophet takes a jolting turn from the historical situation, his marriage to a prostitute and fathering three children with her, to the spiritual application for Israel. Yet, as Duane Garrett says, “It is as startling in its presentation of sin as it is surprising in its stubborn certainty of grace. It is as blunt as it is enigmatic. It is a book to be experienced, and the experience is with God” (NAC, 21). 

Dating the book is fairly straightforward from the very first verse, during the days of four kings in the southern kingdom and one king, Jeroboam II, in the northern kingdom. There is a strong clue in this that what Hosea wrote to warn Israel (northern kingdom) about happened. Unfaithful Israel faced a dire future if she did not repent. Since Hezekiah, the last king of Judah mentioned, saw the fall of Samaria (Isa. 36-39), we can date the book of Hosea to cover the last half of the 8th Century B.C. (760-710 B.C.). We do not know why Hosea is unconcerned with the reigns of the six kings of Israel who succeeded Jeroboam II, but the mention of the southern kings imply that he ignores them. 

Hosea’s task is extremely difficult. God tells the prophet, “Go, take to yourself a wife of harlotry and have children of harlotry; for the land commits flagrant harlotry, forsaking the Lord” (2). This heartsick-making imperative symbolizes the covenant situation with Israel from God’s perspective.  God was a faithful husband, loving and caring for the nation. Israel jilted God to pursue heathen nations, heathen gods, and horrific, sinful practices. As the result of her whoring, she gave birth to no hope and no identity! This is symbolized by the naming of the three children born to Hosea, the prophet, and Gomer, the harlot. 

The first child, a son, is named Jezreel. The name means “God sows.” It was not a common name for a person, but he seems to be named for the town and valley of Jezreel north of Samaria in the region of Galilee. The significance of that area is implied with Hosea’s talk of the “bloodshed” of Jezreel. It was the home of Naboth, who Jezebel had brutally murdered so Ahab could gain his vineyard (1 Ki. 21:1ff). Consequently, it was the place where Jezebel would die violently with bloodshed (1 Ki. 21:23). King Joram was violently killed by Jehu there (2 Ki. 9:15ff). Jehu killed all the remnant of Ahab’s house there (2 Ki. 10:12). On and on the bloody history of Jezreel was written. God used Jehu to judge Ahab’s house for sin, but now Jehu’s house would be judged for their own idolatry and wickedness (4-5). With the end of that dynasty, Israel would limp and totter until ultimately God crushes them with the Assyrians. 

The name of the second child, Lo-ruhamah, meant “no compassion” and “no forgiveness” (6). This symbolism was very straightforward. There would be no compassion or forgiveness for stubborn and impenitent Israel (6), but there would be for Judah (7a). Yet, the deliverance for Judah would be by God’s power rather than man’s strength (7b). 

Thirdly, Gomer conceives and bears a third child, a son, whom Hosea is to name Lo-ammi. The name means “not my people.” God explains that, more fully, the name represents the idea that Israel is not His people and He is not their God (9). What a startling turnaround for a people who claimed Abraham as their father and basked in centuries of favored status as his descendants. Hosea alludes to this promise with an equally surprising follow-up statement in verses 10-11. As severe and costly as their coming punishment would be, God’s relentless love would cause Him to revive and survive led by one leader (11). Opinions differ, but it seems to me that the most logical fulfillment of this promise is Christ. It does not seem to refer to a return from physical captivity. It would also fit with the idea of the Messiah being a root and a tender plant, as Hosea ends the chapter referring again to Jezreel (God sows). God would plant the solution that would fulfill His undying love for His people, giving them hope and restoration.

It truly is a startling, amazing book, a love story of a husband who would not give up on a perpetually unfaithful wife. It is a love we must relentlessly embrace, not recklessly reject! 

Isaiah: The Holy One Who Rules The World (XLVII)

“The Suffering Servant” (53:1-12)

Neal Pollard

Walvoord and Zuck observe, “This is perhaps the best-known section in the Book of Isaiah. Several parts of this passage are quoted in the New Testament: Isaiah 52:15 in Romans 15:21; Isaiah 53:1 in John 12:38 and Romans 10:16; Isaiah 53:4 in Matthew 8:17; Isaiah 53:7–8 in Acts 8:32–33; Isaiah 53:9 in 1 Peter 2:22; and Isaiah 53:12 in Luke 22:37” (BKC, 1106).  This chapter is the most recognizably Messianic of the entire book of Isaiah. It is the completion of the fourth Servant Poem, in which the prophet reveals three crucial facts about Him.

The suffering servant would be overlooked (1-2). Why? Given the prelude of this Servant (52:13-15), this is a surprising fact. This exalted and glorified One is described now as a tender shoot, a root out of dry ground, with no stately form or majesty, and without an attractive appearance. The message about Him and from Him is deemed unbelievable (1). He grows up among the people, who cannot but see Him only as a carpenter, Mary’s son, with younger brothers and sisters, and, thus, a cause of offense (Mark 6:3). He is “this man” (Luke 7:39). The root out of dry ground takes our minds back to Isaiah 11:1, the tender shoot of Jesse. Physically unremarkable, financially modest, and without any sort of commending pedigree, He was an average, ordinary-looking Man among men. 

The suffering servant would be oppressed (3-10a). Beyond His humble circumstances, His contemptible appearance, combined with His relentless effort to spread His unconventional message backed by undeniable miracles, led to His opponents doing all within their power to punish and silence Him. Graphically, Isaiah foretells what those among whom He dwelled dispatched of Him (or so they thought). His oppression was vicious. It led Him to experience despising, forsaking, grieving, sorrowing, and condescending (3,7). His oppression was vicarious. It led Him to experience things for us, things we deserved to experience but that He went through on our behalf (4-6,8). James Smith gives us a concise chart of this:

OUR EXPERIENCEHIS EXPERIENCE
GriefsBore
SorrowsCarried
TransgressionPierced Through
IniquitiesCrushed
PeaceChastening
HealedScourging

 Smith, James E. The Major Prophets. Joplin, MO: College Press, 1992. Print. Old Testament Survey Series, 149. 

His oppression was voluntary (7). Reading the fulfillment of this in the gospels as Jesus stands before Pilate and His many accusers, He chose not to speak to defend Himself. He knew that as a sacrificial Lamb, He had to submit to their torture and injustice. His oppression was violent, as we see from the many words associated with the death He would die (9). His oppression was victorious (9-10). It accomplished the Divine purpose, in which He played a part as God the Word. He successfully became the blood offering for our sins (10). But that last fact points us to the last major point of the chapter (10b-12). 

The suffering servant would be an overcomer (10b-12). As this was the premeditated plan of heaven, the Godhead knew that death could not keep Him down and the grave could not hold Him (1 Cor. 15:54-57). That’s why the Lord was “pleased” to allow such cruelty to occur. After being made a guilt offering for our sins, “the Lord would prolong His days” (10). Notice how the vicarious nature of the suffering Servant’s sacrifice would satisfy divine justice and solve humanity’s spiritual debt problem. 

Through Heaven’s Eyes

Landon Bryant

Have you ever felt worthless? Or at the very least unimportant? 

These are very human thoughts and feelings. It doesn’t take very long in scripture to find numerous examples of how God values the people in his kingdom. 

Just a few examples being: 

Matthew 10:29-31, ESV “Are not two sparrows sold for a penny? And not one of them will fall to the ground apart from your Father. But even the hairs of your head are all numbered. Fear not, therefore; you are of more value than many sparrows.”

Or Jeremiah‬ ‭31‬:‭3‬ ‭NASB2020 “The Lord appeared to him long ago, saying, “I have loved you with an everlasting love; Therefore I have drawn you out with kindness.”

And last but not least, Psalm 139:13-14 NIV, NASB “For you created my inmost being; you knit me together in my mother’s womb. I praise you because I am fearfully and wonderfully made; your works are wonderful, I know that full well.”

With that in mind, I want to tell you about a movie I used to watch as a young boy. 

The Prince of Egypt is an animated children’s movie that attempts to tell the story of the Exodus. As a kid I just thought it was a good movie and never really understood the biblical aspect of the story. Watching it again with children of my own now gave me a fresh perspective. 

Here are the lyrics from one of the musical numbers in the film, and I want you to think about how this might apply to your own life. 

THROUGH HEAVEN’S EYES

“A single thread in a tapestry

Though its color brightly shines

Can never see its purpose

In the pattern of the grand design

And the stone that sits on the very top of the mountains mighty face

Does it think it’s more important than the stones that form the base?

So how can you see what your life is worth or where your value lies?

You can never see through the eyes of man. 

You must look at your life, Look at your life through heaven’s eyes

‬‬ A lake of gold in the desert sand Is less than a cool fresh spring

And to one lost sheep, a shepherd boy is greater than the richest king

If a man loses everything he owns, has he truly lost his worth?

Or is it the beginning of a new and brighter birth?

So how do you measure the worth of a man?

In wealth or strength or size? In how much he gained or how much he gave?

The answer will come to him who tries, to look at his life through heaven’s eyes

And that’s why we share all we have with you, Though there’s little to be found

When all you’ve got is nothing, there’s a lot to go around

No life can escape being blown about by the winds of change and chance

And though you never know all the steps, You must learn to join the dance

So how do you judge what a man is worth, By what he builds or buys?

You can never see with your eyes on earth, 

Look at your life through heaven’s eyes

  • Through Heaven’s Eyes: By Stephen Schwartz. 

Another way of saying this is that it’s about perspective. We all have a purpose, whether we have found it yet or not. We are made in the image of God. The alpha and the omega, the one who spoke everything, literally everything, into existence. No matter how broken this life becomes nothing in this world can take that away from you. 

Don’t count yourself out on any grounds. Just because you can’t see how you are supposed to shine in this brightly colored tapestry of Gods people doesn’t mean you aren’t as important as any other of those threads around you. 

Does Humanity Have A Goal?

Gary Pollard

Another one of the most commonly asked questions is, “What is humanity’s goal?” This seems to be a “purpose” question, but one that specifically asks if we’re pursuing some kind of unity. Many have tackled this question, and most of them are far more qualified to deal with it than I am. But the ancient writings God gave humanity have proved reliable for millennia, so I’ll lean on its principles in this abridged look at our unifying goal(s). 

The concept of a “unity” has been explored for a very long time. It serves as the foundational principle for many world religions because we all have an intuitive sense that we’re connected somehow, or that we all come from a common source. We understand that all of us together are greater than any one person, so our destiny must be just as awesome! 

The short answer (from a believer’s perspective) is: Humanity’s goal is to see God. 

  1. We believe that the Logos created our planet and made it habitable. The universe is the creative expression of his nature and power.  
  2. Humanity’s original goal was the explore the Earth and enjoy it (Gen 2.1-15). 
  3. We were in a state of perfect harmony with the Creator and his creation. 
  4. We lost that when we chose to pursue forbidden gnosis. 
  5. All of history (and what remains of our future) is a story — its unifying narrative is our journey back to that initial harmony. This story is only possible because the Creator sacrificed himself to change our inevitable destiny! 

Our immediate goal is to emulate the Creator’s character as much as we can. This necessarily means we acknowledge his existence and primacy. He is light and love, so we try to be the same. Done properly, this benefits all people (especially people who struggle). Why voluntarily pursue other peoples’ needs over our own? Why struggle against the body’s impulses? Why view other people as more important than self? Why hold on so tightly to a belief in a God no one has seen? He promised us a return to perfection, an eternal life without any suffering, and a fully-repaired, personal relationship with the Creator (cf. II Pt 3.13; I Jn 3.1-3, Rv 21.1-2). 

Now I am coming to you. I will not stay in the world, but these followers of mine are still in the world. Holy Father, keep them safe by the power of your name — the name you gave me. Then they will be one, just like you and I are one (Jn 17.11). 

A person has only one body, but that body has many parts. Yes, there are many parts, but all those parts are still just one body. Christ is like that, too (I Cor 12.12). 

There is one body and one spirit, and God chose you to have one hope. There is one master, one faith, and one baptism. There is one God and Father of us all, who rules over everyone. He works through all of us and in all of us (Eph 4.4-6). 

No Death

Gary Pollard

Many substances give a temporary feeling of euphoria/well-being while harming the cells and systems of our bodies. Some of them don’t alter our state of consciousness (refined sugar, salt, tobacco products), some of them do (alcohol, amphetamines, narcotics). Sin is the transcendent version of those things — it often makes us feel good for a little while, but always leads to death. 

Sin is simultaneously opposed to law (I Jn 3) and uses law to kill us (Rom 6-8). This is a very confusing dynamic at first, but it all comes down to the heart. Paul says that a heart set on God is going to sin, but not because it wants to. It’s because sin uses our weakness compared to the standard of God’s law to trip us up. John says that we’ll always have sin, and that not all sins lead to eternal death. What John and Paul both agree on is this — we are totally powerless by ourselves, but God’s grace covers our mistakes. 

Sin is also a relentless, enslaving force. Few passages more clearly demonstrate this than Romans 6-8. This discourse seems almost contradictory at several points, but I believe this is by design. There is a constant tension between gratitude for grace and recognition of our own sinful nature. I believe this is stated the way it is to keep us in the proper mindset. On the one hand, we have God’s grace and that covers our sins. On the other, we don’t want to run too far with it and fall from grace. This section details a struggle within each Christian to serve God only, while our bodies furiously pull us towards sinful actions and thoughts. Paul’s conclusion at the end is two-fold: Wretched man that I am, who will deliver me from this body that only brings me death and There is no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus.

One Theme, Two Writers, And Three Lessons

Neal Pollard

      David says, about 1,000 years earlier, the same thing Paul says. They had the same source, of course–the Holy Spirit breathed out the words through them both. In Psalm 4:4, David wrote, “Be angry, and do not sin. Meditate within your heart on your bed, and be still. Selah.” Paul wrote, “Be angry, and do not sin. Do not let the sun go down on your wrath, nor give place to the devil” (Eph. 4:26-27). A Bible with good footnotes and referencing will show you that Paul is quoting David, applying the scripture to the purpose of his own writing. So, each wrote for a different purpose, David to demonstrate who is the blessed man and Paul to show who is the new man. David’s writing is of the poetic genre. Paul’s writing is epistolary. Each wrote under a different covenant, meaning their priesthood, worship, and religious constituency were all different. Yet, for all the contrasts that can be made, there are three distinct similarities in these passages beyond the phrase that it is the same.

      These writers show us that anger is a timeless issue. When Israel was autonomous or under the thumb of a world power, they were subject to feelings of anger. When Moses was the lawgiver and when Christ was, the issue confronted them. Time, geography, status, or race have nothing to do with a passion that can be stirred to anger. Wherever man wrestles himself and has to contend with others, it is an issue.

      These writers show us that anger can be sinful. Though each covenant had different laws to respond to sinful anger, the very existence of such rules and commands shows man’s aptitude to let his anger get away from him. The ramifications of not reigning in self’s response to anger are ultimately the same, whenever and wherever one lives.

      These writers show us how to avoid sinful anger. The meat of both passages is a divine strategy to stave off the inclination to sin in our anger. David’s suggests two things–meditation and stillness. Spend some time internally sifting through the issues that would provoke you. Don’t simply stew on it. Rationally think out the matter. Then, be still. Be careful about what course of action you take. Don’t be rash and hasty. Paul suggests resolution and self-mastery. He counsels against “stewing on it,” too. Don’t let anger fester like a sore. Regroup then confront the problem, and remember that this is not the same as being confrontational. You are confronting self more than the cause of the anger. Then, keep self protected from submitting to the devil. That may seem like a dramatic way to say it, but Paul is saying that you are giving yourself over to devilishness when you allow your anger to cross the line into sinfulness. What a hard pill to swallow, yet how helpful to understand that before we foolishly react.

      God is looking out for us, seeking to save us from our worst enemy in anger–ourselves!

Montagues, Snakeheads, And Christians

Brent Pollard

Juliet’s poignant line, “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet,” from Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, delves into the profound influence of names on identity and perception. This metaphor underscores that a name does not define the essence of a thing or person. In the play’s context, Juliet ponders over Romeo’s last name, Montague, associated with her family’s rival house. She asserts that his true self would remain unchanged even if Romeo had a different name. This argument posits that a name is merely a label without impacting a person’s or thing’s inherent qualities or worth.

Lawmakers in Maryland are proposing a solution to an environmental problem by changing the name of an invasive fish species known for damaging the local ecosystem. The snakehead fish, currently unpopular as a food source, could become more attractive to consumers if given a more appealing name. This example raises interesting questions about the power of names and labels in shaping our perceptions. The lawmakers suggest renaming the fish “Chesapeake Channa” to emphasize its connection to the Chesapeake waters where it currently resides. The aim is to rebrand the invasive species and replace its negative connotations with a more positive image. Given that snakeheads taste delicious, Maryland’s campaign may prove successful. This case illustrates how a simple name change can significantly alter our perception of an object, in this case, a fish.

Juliet’s perspective that a name is a label with no influence on the intrinsic qualities of an object is worth considering. It suggests that intrinsic attributes hold more significance than the names or labels we assign. This viewpoint allows for tactics like renaming a fish to enhance its appeal. However, what if a person or thing’s name reflects their identity and purpose? In such cases, it would be unwise to alter the name. This rose must remain a rose. This caution underscores the responsibility we bear when considering such changes.

Peter reminds us that a name holds significant meaning. In 1 Peter 4.16, he implies that if someone faces persecution, it should be solely because of their faith. For instance, if authorities punish a person for stealing, it does not count as persecution. Those to whom God has given the correction’s instrument should treat the offender lawfully, as mentioned in Romans 13. So Peter says, “But if anyone suffers as a Christian, he is not to be ashamed, but is to glorify God in this name” (1 Peter 4.16 NASB95). Though it appears only three times in the New Testament, the term “Christian” came to describe a community of believers who followed Jesus Christ’s teachings and distinguished themselves from Jews and pagans. It is the new name God promised through His prophet, Isaiah (Isaiah 62.2). 

As followers of Christ, it is crucial to identify ourselves as Christians. While being “spiritual” or “a believer” is not wrong, it does not define our identity as followers of Christ. To be faithful, we must fully embrace the responsibility that comes with the name “Christian.” This commitment involves living a life consistent with Jesus Christ’s teachings and values, actively following in His footsteps, being a part of a Christian community, and demonstrating love, compassion, and forgiveness in all aspects of our lives. Avoiding “Christian” may indicate a reluctance to accept the associated responsibility and accountability. By embracing our Christian identity, we respond to the call to serve as Jesus’ hands and feet.

In the end, while names and labels can sometimes be arbitrary or misleading, there are cases where a name carries deep significance and meaning, intricately tied to identity and purpose. Just as Juliet recognized that Romeo’s value transcended his surname, and Peter emphasized the importance of embracing the Christian name, we must carefully consider when a name represents something core that should not be rebranded or obscured. A name like “Christian” is not just a label but a calling to embody the teachings of Christ through words and actions. So, while changing names can sometimes be helpful, we must also respect when a name holds profound meaning that should be upheld rather than discarded for pragmatic purposes. Distinguishing between these situations requires wisdom and care.

The Art Of Contentment

Neal Pollard

Paul mastered the art of contentment despite extreme adversity. Behind prison bars he wrote, “I have learned to be content…” (Phil. 4:11). It didn’t come naturally to him. He learned it in the proverbial “school of hard knocks.” Contentment suggests the idea of supporting oneself without aid from others. Vincent adds, “By the power of his own will, to resist the shock of circumstance. Paul is self-sufficient through the power of the self; not he, but Christ in him” (459-460).

Everybody has met malcontents. Such are rarely happy, satisfied, or appeased. They are always holding the short end of the stick. They are forever the victim. From their point of view, nothing seems satisfactory. Aren’t they such fun?

The church where they are attending is always deficient in some way. The leadership is not enough of this and too much of that. The same applies to the Bible school, worship services, preacher, song leader, missionaries, facilities, deacons, or programs of work. Others find them a mine field, and interacting with them is comparable to walking on egg shells.

Malcontents have failed to grow in the important spiritual area Paul references in Philippians. The sniping and yelping of the discontented interferes with the good it can do. It is destructive, divisive, discouraging, and devilish. John Bunyan concluded, “If we have not quiet in our minds, outward comfort will do no more for us than a golden slipper on a gouty foot.” Or, as another put it, “The crown of life looks funny on a sore head.”

In an English cemetery stand two sad epitaphs on slabs of granite. The wife’s reads, “She died for want of things.” Her husband’s says, “He died trying to give them to her.” No doubt the man never made her happy because he had not the power. Only she did. Sadly, she never exercised what Paul did in adverse circumstances.

Perhaps Paul wrote above the howl of a dying fellow-prisoner in the squalor of a dirty cell, looking up to see the scowl of a godless prison guard. Perhaps, with Christlike peace, he shook his head, smiled, and sealed up that inspired epistle to the church at Philippi. Perhaps, there persecuted but not forsaken (cf. 2 Cor. 4:9), he sang a hymn (cf. Acts 16:25). Whatever happened, one thing is certain. Paul found a way to be content. Let us learn that.

Genesis: These Are The Generations (XXXVIII)

THE LEAST FAMILIAR CHAPTER OF GENESIS (36:1-43)?

Neal Pollard

Of all books of the Bible, we should probably be most familiar with Genesis. After all, it is the first “chapter” and the place we begin again and again. With disclosures about Adam and Eve, Cain and Abel, Noah, Abraham, on down to Joseph and his brothers, it is the fodder of children’s Bible classes and many a sermon. But what about the genealogies of Esau? That material does not come readily to the mind nor do the details roll steadily off the tongue. Yet, the Holy Spirit through Moses saw fit to devote what we recognize as 43 verses of sacred text to it! 

Frankly, it is almost entirely a record of begetting, of those who became prominent among this genealogical line, of places named for them or inhabited by them, and details that help give background to some later Bible events. The summary statement reminds us that Esau is “the father of the Edomites” (43). More about that in a moment. What is accomplished by the inclusion of all these verses devoted to the family tree of Isaac’s oldest son?

We learn why Esau settled east of Jacob (1-8). The initial statement about the generations of Esau (Edom) concerns the children born to him in the land of Canaan by the “daughters of Canaan” (2,5). However, the prosperity of both brothers made living in the same place untenable. Like with Abraham and Lot, they each needed ample pasturelands. So, Esau went up to the hill country of Seir (8). 

We learn who was born to him in his new homeland (9-43). Moses traces the lineage of Esau through his wives, Adah, Basemath, and Oholibamah (10-18). Then, we read the lineage of Seir. These are inhabitants already in the land who play a prominent role in the development of the Edomite people. As Hamilton says of Genesis 36, it “is moving backward from the conquerors (vv. 9–19) to the conquered (vv. 20–30)” (NICOT, 397). Groups like the Horites, whom some identify with the Hivites, are driven out by Esau’s descendants (21,29-30). In accordance with Isaac’s “blessing”, Esau became an indomitable warrior (27:39-40). 

We learn how Esau’s descendants appointed kings before Jacob’s did (31-39). Smith observes, “At the time Moses wrote Genesis the descendants of Esau already had achieved this state of national development, while Israel had not. The comparatively slow political development of Israel was a challenge to their national faith through the centuries” (The Pentateuch, p. 206). Centuries of time pass after the Edomites appoint kings before Saul comes to the throne in Israel. No doubt, Edom was one of the nations Samuel’s contemporaries looked at when complaining that other nations had kings (1 Sam. 8:5-6). 

We learn through an object lesson a truth the Bible repeats. In God’s sovereignty, He chose Jacob as the descendant through whom Israel and ultimately Christ would come. That means He did not choose (or rejected) Esau. As Kurt Strassner stated so well, “Their names do not roll off my tongue like the names of Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph, Benjamin, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, and Asher” (Opening Up Genesis, p. 134). Their inclusion in this chapter implicitly reminds us how comparatively anonymous Esau’s descendants are. This is stated explicitly by Malachi (1:2-5) and Paul (Rom. 9:10-16). 

Perhaps you will find Edward Bridge’s background explanation helpful: “Archaeological evidence indicates Edomite influence in southern Judah from the late eighth century bc onwards. Evidence also indicates that Edom was a threat to Judah in the years before the exile (Arad 24, a letter-ostracon). After the exile, Edomites who survived Nabataean invasions migrated to southern Judah and became the Idumeans—the people from which Herod the Great came” (Barry, Lexham B.D., np). The inspired recorders of Israelite history (2 Ki. 8:20) as well as the prophets (Jer. 49:7-22; Ezek. 26:12-24; Obadiah; Mal. 1:2-5) reveal the intense rivalry that continued between the descendants of Jacob and Esau sparked not only by the events of the brothers’ lives but also the inhospitality of the Edomites when Moses led the Exodus. Because the Edomites will span the entirety of Old Testament history and regularly intersect the lives of Israel, it is helpful to see their genealogical record. 

A Tower Reaching Heaven (And Comparative Mythology)

Dale Pollard
Babylon’s Babel 

Sumerian culture talks about a ziggurat dubbed “Etemenanki” and it was hailed as the “House of the Foundation of Heaven and Earth.” It was dedicated to Marduk, a serpentine/dragon deity, and the patron deity of Babylon. It was said to have measured three-hundred feet tall and featuring seven stacked levels.

Famed Assyriologist, George Smith (1840-1876), provided a translation of some Sumerian clay tablets and here’s his brief summary of the inscription: 

“…we have the anger of the gods at the sin of the world, the place mentioned being Babylon. The building or work is called tazimat or tazimtu, a word meaning strong, and there is a curious relation, lines 9 to 11, that what they built in the day the god destroyed in the night.”
(The Chaldean Account of Genesis, 1876, p. 162).

Egypt’s Babel 

A portion of the Qur’an makes a few claims that resemble the legendary biblical tower— save a few key differences. In the Islamic story, the event takes place in Egypt and the Pharaoh orders a minister named Haman to build a tower that reaches the heavens.

Mexico’s Babel 

Pedro de los Rios, writing sometime before 1565:

“Before the great inundation which took place 4,800 years after the erection of the world, the country of Anahuac was inhabited by giants, all of whom either perished in the inundation or were transformed into fishes, save seven who fled into caverns. When the waters subsided, one of the giants, called Xelhua, surnamed the ‘Architect,’ went to Cholula, where, as a memorial of the Tlaloc which had served for an asylum to himself and his six brethren, he built an artificial hill in the form of a pyramid. He ordered bricks to be made in the province of Tlalmanalco, at the foot of the Sierra of Cecotl, and in order to convey them to Cholula he placed a file of men who passed them from hand to hand. The gods beheld, with wrath, an edifice the top of which was to reach the clouds. Irritated at the daring attempt of Xelhua, they hurled fire on the pyramid. Numbers of the workmen perished. The work was discontinued, and the monument was afterwards dedicated to Quetzalcoatl.”
(Mexico as it is and was, 1844, Brantz Mayer, p. 28)

Non-Canonical Coincidences 

In the Greek Apocalypse of Baruch (written between the 1st-3rd Cen.) we find a description of the condition of Jerusalem after the sack by Nebuchadnezzar.

The Greek Apocalypse details a vision of Baruch ben Neriah and in it he sees the punishment of the builders of the “tower of strife against God,” which sounds remarkably similar  to the Tower of Babel.

Abydenus (a Greek historian of the mid-fourth century B.C.), as quoted by Eusebius, spoke of a great tower at Babylon which was destroyed. The record notes:

“[U]ntil this time all men had used the same speech, but now there was sent upon them a confusion of many and divers tongues”

Josephus, the Jewish historian, quoting from an ancient source, records these words:

“When all men were of one language, some of them built a tower, as if they would thereby ascend up to heaven, but the gods sent storms of wind and overthrew the tower, and gave every one his peculiar language; and for this reason it was that the city was called Babylon”

(Antiquities of the Jews, 1.4.3).

THE TRUTH BEHIND THE TOWER 

While we don’t need the extra biblical evidence and anecdotes to prove what God already told us, it’s certainly interesting and faith-building to discover. We shouldn’t forget the main message of His account. When humans are united we’re either powerfully wicked or powerfully righteous. The top of our metaphorical towers will either touch heaven or hell and the end result depends on what we’ve decided to unite under. If Christ is on the banner we fly then we’ll find success. If pride, greed, or any other selfish ambition brings us together— that tower will inevitably fall.  

The Birth of Behemoth-Buildings 

First to Scrape The Sky: 

The first skyscraper was built in Chicago by William LeBaron Jenney in 1885. While that nine story structure no longer stands, many skyscrapers from that time period remain.

King of the Towers: 

The Burj Khalia in Dubai is the tallest building in the world— standing at 2,717 feet tall. 

Jenney’s “Home Insurance Building” (demolished in 1932 to make room for a larger building)

How We Know Jesus Is Better (from Hebrews)

Gary Pollard

Old System — Priest had to make a sacrifice for himself first, because he’s fallible, too. 

New System — Jesus was a perfect sacrifice; he never made a mistake. 

Old System — Priest was mortal, so his viewpoint was confined to his lifespan, altitude, and number of people he knew. 

New System — Jesus came from an all-knowing, immortal father. His perspective spans all of time, and he has a bird’s-eye view of all of earth. 

Old System — Priest had to bring blood that didn’t belong to him. In fact, it was just the blood of an animal. That wasn’t enough to forgive everyone’s mistakes! 

New System — Jesus brought his own blood, which has enough power to forgive anyone who seeks him. 

Old System — Priest had to make sacrifices constantly, both on a regular schedule, and whenever someone brought a sin offering. 

New System — Jesus made one sacrifice, which was and remains all we need. 

Old System — Priest could only enter the most special place one time per year. 

New System — Jesus lives to enter the father’s presence every single time we pray. 

Old System — No sin could really be forgiven, and every sin required restitution. 

New System — Our sins are completely forgiven, and Jesus keeps us pure with his own blood. 

We might take this new system for granted, but our king Jesus is the most perfect high priest. We will live forever because of what he’s done (and continues to do) for us! 

Gifts…

Neal Pollard

  • Are sometimes wrapped as children (Psalm 127:3).
  • Are irrevocable (Romans 11:29). 
  • Are different, according to the grace given to us (Romans 12:6).
  • Are variegated (1 Corinthians 12:4).
  • Some (faith, hope, love–1 Corinthians 13:13) are to be earnestly desired above miraculous gifts (1 Corinthians 12:31).
  • Are to be earnestly, zealously desired (1 Corinthians 14:1,12).
  • Are spiritual and not to be neglected (1 Timothy 4:14). 
  • Are to be “kindled” (2 Timothy 1:6).
  • Are heavenly and “tasty” (Hebrews 6:4).
  • Are to be “employed” in serving one another (1 Peter 4:10).

As we enjoy presents from loved ones today, may we appreciate those which God has given to us to use for His glory and purpose. Above all, may we give thanks to God “for His indescribable gift” (Romans 5:15-16; 2 Corinthians 9:15).

MERRY CHRISTMAS FROM THE MAKERS OF POLLARD GREENS (Gary, Dale, Carl, Brent, and Neal)

Carl is far left, Brent is in green plaid, Gary is in black plaid, Dale is to his immediate right, and Neal is far right.