According to Egyptian and Greek myth, the sun was put in a chariot and everyday the god Helios would drive that chariot all across the sky. Phaethon was the son of the god Helios who secretly took the sun chariot out one day in an attempt to drive it all by himself. However, since he was young and inexperienced, he wrecked it. He wrecked the sun. In one version of the story it’s said that he drove the chariot too close to the earth, scorching it, and then too far from it, freezing it. That’s a bad day…or night? It’s not clear— Phaethon wrecked the sun.
Even though the story and the gods in them are fictional, the moral of the story rings true in many ways for us today. When we try to take control from the true God of heaven, we often end up wrecking our own lives. God wants us to willingly let Him lead but some will still attempt to take the reins away. The Bible is full of accounts, parables, and poems that try to get into our (sometimes thick) heads that we have no businesses in the driver seat.
Saul would attempt to “drive the sun chariot” when Samuel told him to wait for him to arrive so that he could lead the Israelites in sacrifice before a battle with the Philistines. However, Saul became afraid that Samuel was taking too long and offered the sacrifice himself. After his arrival, Samuel told Saul that he had acted foolishly and disobeyed God’s command. Samuel said that if Saul had kept God’s wishes, God would have established his kingdom over Israel forever. The outcome? The Lord rejected him as king because of his disobedience. Saul wrecked his future! (1 Samuel 13).
God has developed a perfect and holy hierarchy, and He’s at the top. He’s always been and He always will be at the top— even if we’re blind to that reality. He doesn’t want to push anybody down though, in fact He’s always taking His humble servants and raising them up! We serve an awesome God.
“…Clothe yourselves, all of you, with humility toward one another, for “God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble.” – I Peter 5.5
Sumerian culture talks about a ziggurat dubbed “Etemenanki” and it was hailed as the “House of the Foundation of Heaven and Earth.” It was dedicated to Marduk, a serpentine/dragon deity, and the patron deity of Babylon. It was said to have measured three-hundred feet tall and featuring seven stacked levels.
Famed Assyriologist, George Smith (1840-1876), provided a translation of some Sumerian clay tablets and here’s his brief summary of the inscription:
“…we have the anger of the gods at the sin of the world, the place mentioned being Babylon. The building or work is called tazimat or tazimtu, a word meaning strong, and there is a curious relation, lines 9 to 11, that what they built in the day the god destroyed in the night.” (The Chaldean Account of Genesis, 1876, p. 162).
Egypt’s Babel
A portion of the Qur’an makes a few claims that resemble the legendary biblical tower— save a few key differences. In the Islamic story, the event takes place in Egypt and the Pharaoh orders a minister named Haman to build a tower that reaches the heavens.
Mexico’s Babel
Pedro de los Rios, writing sometime before 1565:
“Before the great inundation which took place 4,800 years after the erection of the world, the country of Anahuac was inhabited by giants, all of whom either perished in the inundation or were transformed into fishes, save seven who fled into caverns. When the waters subsided, one of the giants, called Xelhua, surnamed the ‘Architect,’ went to Cholula, where, as a memorial of the Tlaloc which had served for an asylum to himself and his six brethren, he built an artificial hill in the form of a pyramid. He ordered bricks to be made in the province of Tlalmanalco, at the foot of the Sierra of Cecotl, and in order to convey them to Cholula he placed a file of men who passed them from hand to hand. The gods beheld, with wrath, an edifice the top of which was to reach the clouds. Irritated at the daring attempt of Xelhua, they hurled fire on the pyramid. Numbers of the workmen perished. The work was discontinued, and the monument was afterwards dedicated to Quetzalcoatl.” (Mexico as it is and was, 1844, Brantz Mayer, p. 28)
Non-Canonical Coincidences
In the Greek Apocalypse of Baruch (written between the 1st-3rd Cen.) we find a description of the condition of Jerusalem after the sack by Nebuchadnezzar.
The Greek Apocalypse details a vision of Baruch ben Neriah and in it he sees the punishment of the builders of the “tower of strife against God,” which sounds remarkably similar to the Tower of Babel.
Abydenus (a Greek historian of the mid-fourth century B.C.), as quoted by Eusebius, spoke of a great tower at Babylon which was destroyed. The record notes:
“[U]ntil this time all men had used the same speech, but now there was sent upon them a confusion of many and divers tongues”
Josephus, the Jewish historian, quoting from an ancient source, records these words:
“When all men were of one language, some of them built a tower, as if they would thereby ascend up to heaven, but the gods sent storms of wind and overthrew the tower, and gave every one his peculiar language; and for this reason it was that the city was called Babylon”
(Antiquities of the Jews, 1.4.3).
THE TRUTH BEHIND THE TOWER
While we don’t need the extra biblical evidence and anecdotes to prove what God already told us, it’s certainly interesting and faith-building to discover. We shouldn’t forget the main message of His account. When humans are united we’re either powerfully wicked or powerfully righteous. The top of our metaphorical towers will either touch heaven or hell and the end result depends on what we’ve decided to unite under. If Christ is on the banner we fly then we’ll find success. If pride, greed, or any other selfish ambition brings us together— that tower will inevitably fall.
The Birth of Behemoth-Buildings
First to Scrape The Sky:
The first skyscraper was built in Chicago by William LeBaron Jenney in 1885. While that nine story structure no longer stands, many skyscrapers from that time period remain.
King of the Towers:
The Burj Khalia in Dubai is the tallest building in the world— standing at 2,717 feet tall.
Jenney’s “Home Insurance Building” (demolished in 1932 to make room for a larger building)
Greek mythology is fascinating. So much so, in fact, that the Romans co-opted it as their own. As such, the Roman poet, Ovid, tells us the story of Narcissus and Echo within Metamorphoses. You likely recognize Narcissus’ name because of the mental disorder named for him. Narcissism. You may not have known that the phenomenon called an “echo” also derives its name from a mythic figure. Echo was a beautiful, but talkative, forest nymph. She cut off the goddess Juno so much during conversations that the peeved goddess cursed her with the capacity only to repeat the last words spoken by others.
Without delving too deeply into the mythology, suffice it to say Echo fell in love with the picky Narcissus, whose standard for a consort was so high that none could meet his expectations, including poor Echo. Already cursed, Echo was not able to convey her feelings to Narcissus. On one fateful day, however, Narcissus had sensed Echo’s presence and called out, “Is anyone there?” After she replied in the same, he said, “Come here!” Echo ran to Narcissus as she repeated his command. Echo’s actions repulsed Narcissus. He told her he would sooner die than allow her to enjoy his company. Echo was humiliated and ran away. Yet, she continued to love Narcissus. The vengeful goddess, Nemesis, saw Narcissus’ actions. She cursed him by making him fall deeply in love with his reflection.
There was no redemption for Narcissus and Echo. Narcissus lingered by the pool of water, looking longingly at his reflection. Echo persisted in her love for Narcissus. As the years passed, Echo’s beauty faded, and her body wasted away, leaving only her voice. Narcissus committed suicide, realizing his impossible love would remain unrequited. A flower bloomed where he killed himself. Yes, the narcissus.
It is easy to use Narcissus as an object lesson for us, spiritually. Both James and Peter quote Proverbs 3.34 from the Septuagint to remind us that God resists the proud (James 4.6; 1 Peter 5.5). A haughty look is something we know God hates (Proverbs 6.17). Our Lord went about doing good (Acts 10.38). Since He is our example (1 Peter 2.21), Paul tells us: “do not merely look out for your own personal interests, but also for the interests of others.” (Philippians 2.4 NASB)
But what lessons do we derive from Echo? Her tongue is what initially got her into trouble. Just because the tongue is an unruly member, per James 3, doesn’t mean that we should not seek to control it. There is the talk we must avoid (Ephesians 4.29; 5.4; Philippians 2.14). Besides this prohibited speech, there remains gossip and lying, which both Testaments condemn (Exodus 20.16; Psalm 15.1-3; Proverbs 6.19; 2 Corinthians 12.20; 1 Timothy 5.11-13; Titus 2.3).
Echo also squandered a precious commodity in her quixotic pursuit of Narcissus, time. We are supposed to take advantage of the time given to us (Ephesians 5.15-17). There comes the point where even preaching the Gospel to the hard-hearted equivalent of a brick wall is like casting “what is holy to dogs” and throwing “pearls before swine” (Matthew 7.6).
Lastly, Echo loved someone incapable of justifying the precious investment of her heart. The world is like Narcissus in that regard. John reminds us that the world with its lusts will one day pass away (1 John 2.15-17). Even so, how many have laid up treasure on the earth? (Matthew 6.19-21; Luke 12.33-34). We cannot pursue both God and mammon (“wealth” NASB— Matthew 6.24).
May it be that as you search your heart that you find no kindred spirit with Narcissus and Echo. Focus outwardly upon others’ needs, be mindful of the precious commodity of time, and give your heart—and tongue—to the One Who will best use and appreciate it (cf. Matthew 22.36-38).
The Preacher Pollard Blog 