Category: 2 Corinthians

Expressing Concern (13:1-14)

Neal Pollard

Paul brings his second epistle to the Corinthians to a close by summarizing and making appeals. He shows that a major impetus in writing this letter was to give them “proof of the Christ who” spoke in him (3). His hope is that this letter will help them realize that they didn’t fail the test of faithfulness (6) and that their motives were pure (8). He wanted to use his position to build them up and not tear them down (10). That’s why he fills his last words with expressions of concern about them, wanting them to overcome their spiritual challenges and shortcomings.

His Concern Is For Them To Be In The Faith (5)

Mixed in with his defending his character and work (6), Paul turns it around by challenging them: “Test yourselves to see if you are in the faith; examine yourselves! Or do you not recognize this about yourselves, that Jesus Christ is in you—unless indeed you fail the test?” The word “test,” used twice in this verse, means “to try to learn the nature or character of someone or something by submitting such to thorough and extensive testing” (Louw-Nida, 331). “Examine” means “to make a critical examination of something to determine genuineness” (BDAG, 255). The laboratory where this testing and examination was to be conducted was in their living out their faith in their daily lives. They would be put to the test and others would be examining their faith. Paul wants them to pass!

His Concern Is For Them To Do Right (7)

What a basic, simple way to put it! As he shows in his first letter, he is willing to address wrongdoing. This follow up is to make sure they had put that behind them and that they were progressing in their faith. His primary concern, despite his robust self-defense, was not his own approval (which he knew he had with God) but theirs. 

His Concern Is For Them To Be Complete (9)

Obviously, we are all always a work in progress. Complete doesn’t mean sinlessly perfect, but completion is the goal of every Christian who wishes to ultimately overcome. This word means to function well or put in order. It also carries with it the idea of mending one’s ways, so the idea of repentance (cf. 7:10-11). He anticipated a future visit to them, and he hoped that they would have reached completion in these matters (10). 

His Concern Is For Them To Be Spiritually Healthy (11)

He ends the letter by expounding on what being made complete looks like. It includes to “be comforted,” “be like-minded,” and “live in peace.” This could be achieved by how they treated each other (12-13) and by a strong relationship with God (11,14). Those horizontal qualities take work, but they produce fortification in the most trying times. Those vertical qualities, with divine promises like grace, love, and fellowship, will guard us against absolutely any trial. 

So, we weren’t the primary recipients of this letter, but imagine for a moment that this was Paul’s summary exhortation to us. Is there a better summary to equip us for our spiritual battle than this? Be in the faith! Do right! Be complete! Be spiritually healthy! There will be those who try to plant seeds of doubt in our hearts, denying God’s truth. There will be internal spiritual struggles that bombard us. Hang on to this four-fold charge from Paul and you can overcome any challenge! 

Weak, Foolish And Afraid (12:7-21)

Neal Pollard

It’s hard to miss the unique tone of 2 Corinthians, a letter full of self-disclosure  and self-defense and written in such an intimate way. Paul’s apostleship has been questioned and his extensive work with the Corinthians undermined. But, he was willing to “spend and be spent” for them (15). A man who has given so much for the cause of Christ chooses not to boast, but to humble himself in an effort to persuade and encourage these brethren in their spiritual progress.

WEAKNESS (7-10)

Due to the “surpassing greatness of the revelations” (7) Paul had received (1-6), he was given a “thorn in the flesh.” It’s useless to speculate about what this specific “thorn” was–poor eyesight, physical pain from being stoned at Lystra, some unspecified temptation, etc. Perhaps it is better for us, not knowing exactly what it was, since many of us as Christians may have to wrestle a thorn in our own flesh. It’s interesting to note how Paul describes it: “humbling” (to keep me from exalting myself), “Satanic” (a messenger of Satan), “tormenting,” “persistent” (8), “perfecting” (9), and “empowering” (10). Is there some physical, mental, emotional, or spiritual struggle in your life that you might describe in some or all of these ways? Perhaps we’re quick to identify the negative aspects, but what about the potential positives that can come out of it? It can perfect and empower us to live a better Christian life and make us content with reverses suffered “for Christ’s sake” and say, with Paul, “when I am weak, then I am strong” (10). 

FOLLY (11-19)

Paul returns to a theme he has touched on several times throughout the letter (5:13; 11:16-19; 12:6). He resorted to defending his motives, position, decisions, and authority against the aforementioned charges. But, Paul points out that this was more for their “upbuilding” than for his own defense (19). He’s not some insecure preacher or missionary whose feelings have been hurt by some perceived slight; he’s fighting for the hearts and souls of relatively new Christians influenced by the culture and false teachers. He wants them to understand that neither he or his co-workers, like Titus, have taken advantage of them. They have loved and served the Corinthians, willing to bear insults, condescension, and rejection in order to help them be saved. As preaching is called “foolishness” (1 Cor. 1:21), those who preach and teach it must be willing to be thought fools for Christ. 

FEAR

It’s hard to find a man more courageous than Paul. What did he fear? First, he feared failure. The time and the teaching he had done would be wasted, if they were given over to “strife, jealousy, angry tempers, disputes, slanders, gossip, arrogance, disturbances” (20). Read through the two letters Paul wrote to them and notice how he addresses all these matters. Second, he feared emotional trauma (21). His mourning over their past sins would be compounded if they had not repented. Neither of these fears was irrational. Have you ever invested a lot of time, energy, and emotion into someone only to see them teetering on the ledge of apostasy and unfaithfulness? 

God wants and needs faithful Christians who care about the church. He needs us to fully invest ourselves, to “spend and be spent” for others. The great news (and Paul not only understood this; He wrote about it) is that God gives strength for our weakness, wisdom for our folly, and courage for our fear. He will help pull us out of such figurative valleys as we hold onto His capable hands. Let us do our part and devote ourselves to one another. 

Why Paul Defended Himself (Part 3)(12:1-6)

Neal Pollard

Before moving on to discussing an enigmatic “thorn in the flesh,” Paul talks about an event that may have helped precipitate the giving of such a “thorn.” Paul briefly “boasts” in defense of himself, to establish further proof of his apostleship. As he will say now and later in the chapter, the thing he boasted most in was his weakness, that the power of Christ could be in him and be seen in him (5,9). However, for the moment, he shares with them something that happened to him that proved him to be God’s genuine man–he speaks of himself in third person in this paragraph (1-6), but what he says in the next paragraph shows us that he was that “man in Christ” (2). 

WHAT HAPPENED?

Paul received visions and revelations (1). He was “caught up to the third heaven” (2), “into Paradise and heard inexpressible words” (2,4). He experienced something of such a nature that he was not permitted to share it (4). Can you imagine being privy to such insight? He was shown something that proved God was with him. 

WHERE DID IT HAPPEN?

Paul says “such a man…was caught up into Paradise” (2,4). “Paradise” is a word only found in three New Testament passages. In the first, Jesus says He will be with the penitent thief there (Luke 23:43). The last is an allusion made by Jesus as an incentive to the church at Ephesus to persevere. He says, “To him who overcomes, I will grant to eat of the tree of life which is in the Paradise of God” (Rev. 2:7). These two instances appear to be the place where Christ has gone to dwell after death. Paul apparently went there and is more impressed by what he hears (4) that what he might have seen in this vision. 

WHY DID IT HAPPEN?

Paul does not seem to know what God’s intention was, beyond revealing truth to him in a vision. For a man who would be called on to suffer so much (see 11:17-33), this had to incentivize him to keep persevering. It armed him and emboldened him to keep on keeping on.

So, how do we make application of this? None of us have had this kind of experience. Yet, as Christians, how many of us have had our eyes opened to the way God is at work in our world and our lives today? You’ve seen God answer prayers in amazing ways. You’ve seen evidence of what seems to be His providence at work in your life. You have seen incredible doors of opportunity that bear His fingerprints. You’ve seen the marvels of His creation, in the heavens and on earth. You’ve seen promises in His Word, including some shared by the apostle Paul, fulfilled in your faithful service to God. You even have privy to this incident which happened to Paul to build your own faith. God has so abundantly blessed us with evidence of not just His existence, but the splendor and majesty of His character and nature. You can use this to persuade believers and answer and persuade unbelievers, just like Paul did. Make sure your eyes are open to His ways and your ears are open to His Word. 

Why Paul Defended Himself (Part 2)(11:16-33)

Neal Pollard

Bible writers wrote as they were moved by the Holy Spirit (2 Tim. 3:16; 2 Pet. 1:20), so Paul’s words here are not simply the empty boasts of a bitter preacher. God wanted Corinth (and us) to know the proof of Paul’s ministry, and one way He does so is through Paul’s boasts and boldness (16-21). The validity of Paul’s message was at stake, and it is hard to think of a more effective way to reinforce the defense he has made than by showing these unparalleled battle scars. He will add one more point to his defense at the start of what we call 2 Corinthians 12, but what was simply the next paragraph of Paul’s epistle. For now, consider how Paul’s sacrificial service provides a strong support for his allegations against those deceitful, disguising false apostles (13-15).

HIS PEDIGREE (22)

It’s interesting that Paul both potentially identifies his attackers as Jewish and appeals to his past to show that pedigree doesn’t automatically make one trustworthy. Whatever they had to boast about in Judaism, he had more so. This would have been written not long before Paul is making his defense before various Roman officials, contending that he is a “Pharisee and son of a Pharisee” (Acts 23:5), “the strictest sect” (Acts 26:5) and “a Hebrew of Hebrews” (Phil. 3:5). He could not be “one-upped” by absolutely anyone in this regard. 

HIS PHYSICAL PERILS (23-27)

When it comes to what toll preaching Christ had taken on his body, Paul is in a class by himself. There were the labors (23), imprisonments (23), beatings (23-25), stoning (25), shipwrecks (25), journeys (26), multitudinous dangers (26), labors (27), hardships (27), and various deprivations (27). Luke records several of these in Acts. This spiritual slave of the Savior could emphatically state, ” From now on let no one cause trouble for me, for I bear on my body the brand-marks of Jesus” (Gal. 6:17). Can you imagine?!

HIS PSYCHOLOGICAL PRESSURES (27-33)

As bad as the physical torture was, he reserves this category of hardship for last. While the sleepless nights could have been from uncomfortable lodging, how often did he go to bed with weighty things on his mind? He had the daily pressure of concern for the churches, churches he had established and worked to ground in the faith (28). He empathetically treated others’ weaknesses and sins (29). How many additional moments of duress and uncertainty could be added to the one he specifically mentions in Damascus (32-33), where he escaped with his life under the cover of darkness concealed in a large basket (Acts 9:25). He often lived under threat of imminent danger, all for preaching Jesus.

I don’t expect any of us to be able to relate to the type or extent of sacrifices made by Paul in his effort to share Jesus with the world. Maybe it will motivate us to go further and do more in our Christianity. But, it should also move us to never stop sharing Christ and living our faith. Surely, no criticism, physical sacrifice, or mental or emotional strain that accompanies it will be enough to cause us to give up. Idle gossip, small-minded criticism, vicious, unethical ploys, and dishonesty and deceit against us seems comparatively minuscule next to Paul, doesn’t it? As Paul himself would tell us, “Let us not lose heart in doing good, for in due time we will reap if we do not grow weary” (Gal. 6:9). 

Why Paul Defended Himself (Part 1)(11:1-15)

Neal Pollard

Have you ever felt the need to defend yourself? It can be very unpleasant, especially when you know you have done nothing wrong and your critic appears to have some ulterior motive. Jesus, a perfect man, was not immune to such criticism during His public ministry (Mat. 12:10; Mark 3:2). Why does Paul go to this trouble and potential humiliation?

HE FEARED THE CORINTHIANS WERE BEING LED ASTRAY (1-4)

Paul had done so much to try and build their relationship with Christ. He had worked with them in person  for 18 months (Acts 18:11) and had already written them a lengthy letter doing further teaching. It had been emotionally-heavy in nature, and now someone was “preaching another Jesus” (3-4). If you have ever won a soul to Christ, you know the concern you feel when he or she seems to be slipping away from faithfulness. When you have close relationships with other Christians and you see them being led away into false teaching or immorality, you think about the time and energy you have put into encouraging and influencing them for good. It will (or should) move you to do everything you can to fortify them against error and ungodliness. 

HE FELT THAT HIS CHARACTER WAS BEING SINFULLY MALIGNED (5-11)

It can be a tough balance to maintain between letting your character and actions speak for themselves and having the courage to respond to unjust criticism. It seems that the difference-maker was that by having his character maligned, the character of Jesus would be made to suffer in the eyes of the Corinthians. So, Paul defends his credentials (5), knowledge (6), means of support (7-9), and love for them (11). If these things could be successfully impugned, it threatened to undo his work among them. This was not about ego or pride. It was about maintaining the force and weight of the Word and work of Christ.

HE WAS FIGHTING SOME UNGODLY INFLUENCES (12-15)

Paul fires back at these unnamed critics. They were passing themselves off as Christian authorities when they were not (12). They were religious imposters, whom Paul calls “false apostles, deceitful workers, disguising themselves as apostles of Christ” (13). They were servants of Satan disguising themselves as servants of righteousness (14-15). They faced eternal consequences (15b). The stakes are high. These folks were working against Christ while claiming to represent him. Corinth stood to be the casualties of their influence. Truth had to be distinguished from error, so Paul is willing to do every right thing to combat that.

As we will see in the remainder of the chapter, Paul was willing to go to any lengths for Jesus and His people. He suffered, sacrificed, and struggled to advance His cause. Paul was willing to take one for the team when it was just himself that would suffer, but when criticism of him meant harming faith in His Master Paul went on the defensive. That distinction should help us know when we must respond to criticism and when we just let our actions and character speak for themselves. 

Words Associated With The “Money Ministry” (9:1-15)

Neal Pollard

Paul hasn’t changed the subject from what we have just read in chapter eight.  He builds on his confidence in Corinth’s readiness and zeal to give, encouraging them to follow through. His encouragement includes some integral components of our contribution which should encourage us to be generous and cheerful givers. 

“GOD” SHOULD MOTIVATE US IN THIS MINISTRY

With such a spiritual service as contributing from our means, you would expect a heavy dose of language pointing to God. So, Paul mentions Him seven times in chapter 9 (7-8, 11-15). God loves a cheerful giver (7). God is able to give us an abundance as we properly use it (8). God receives thanks when we are liberal givers (11-12). God is glorified when we are obedient to His command to give generously (13). God’s grace shines through our generous giving (14). God gives indescribable gifts (15). What relentless encouragement for us to reciprocate!

“GRACE” SHOULD MOTIVATE US IN THIS MINISTRY

As already noted, our contribution partners with one of the most essential, powerful qualities of God. We often restrict our thinking about God’s grace to the cross and salvation, and there is no greater example of undeserved favor. God gives grace through us in giving (8) and shows grace in us by giving (14). Isn’t it powerful to think of our free and abundant sharing supplying others with a taste of God’s grace?!

“GIVING” SHOULD MOTIVATE US IN THIS MINISTRY

Paul reminds them of their promise, warning against covetousness interrupting their giving (5). Paul exhorts, “He who sows sparingly will also reap sparingly, and he who sows bountifully will also reap bountifully” (6). God loves a cheerful giver (7). Quoting the psalmist, Paul says that God gave to the poor and thereby proves His eternal righteousness (9) by supplying and multiplying seed for our righteous harvest (10). God is a giver (John 3:16). I want to be like God, and that is the most powerful motivator! 

“GENEROSITY” SHOULD MOTIVATE US IN THIS MINISTRY

“Generosity” (ESV) or “liberality” is touted by Paul as the reason for our giving (11), the reason for others thanking God (11), the reason others glorify God (13), the reason why others will be motivated to pray for us (14) and yearn for us (14). We don’t give for men’s praise (Mat. 6:1-4); we must discipline ourselves not to seek the honor and glory of man. But, it is often a consequence of contributions made with pure, clear motives. I don’t know about you, but the thought that God might see me as generous fuels my desire to try and be more generous. Listen to this: “For the ministry of this service is not only fully supplying the needs of the saints, but is also overflowing through many thanksgivings to God” (12). Don’t forget the fruit of your generosity. It can bring joy to know that you’re needed because you’re meeting needs. 

At times, we all struggle with giving as we should. A lot of obstacles crop up–fear, doubt, greed, ignorance, selfishness, apathy, and probably many others. Maybe we see the whole discussion of giving as negative and guilt-inducing. If so, perhaps we’re looking at this wrong. It is a privilege to give to the One who gave us everything material and spiritual. It is divine to act like the Great Giver. It is helpful and useful. It is enjoyable. When we approach this “ministry” as positive and joy-inducing, it will transform our effectiveness not only in worship (1 Cor. 16:1-2) but in life (1 John 3:16-17). Remember that “God loves a cheerful giver” (7). 

What Generous Giving Shows (8:1-24)

Neal Pollard

After praising the Corinthians in the midst of his second letter to them, he challenges their growth in a specific area of their Christianity. It is an area where several need to be challenged. Jesus urges us to have proper hearts by laying up treasure in heaven (Mat. 6:19-21) and Paul spends time showing what a proper heart looks like. Notice what he says on this subject. 

GENEROUS GIVING REFLECTS THE GRACE OF THE LORD (1-2,9)

Paul holds up the impoverished churches of Macedonia and the Lord Jesus Christ as examples of grace for the Corinthians. The poor saints of Macedonia, in a great ordeal of affliction, had abundant joy and a wealth of liberality to give generously despite that poverty. Who does that look like? The Lord Jesus Christ, who, though rich, for our sakes became poor that we through His poverty might become rich. Do you want to look like Jesus? Give generously and abundantly.

GENEROUS GIVING REVEALS AN EAGER, SACRIFICIAL HEART (3-6)

What kind of hearts did the Macedonians have? They had willing hearts, which caused them to give “beyond their ability” (3). They had begging hearts, which considered being allowed to give a favor (4). They had giving hearts, which prompted a financial generosity out of their first giving themselves to God (5). How is my giving? Let me first ask how my heart is, when it comes to “my” money. Paul uses Macedonia’s example to spur on Corinth.

GENEROUS GIVING REINFORCES OTHER OTHER SPIRITUAL QUALITIES (7-8,24)

Paul credits Corinth for their faith, utterance, knowledge, earnestness, love, and sincerity. The first three seem to be alluding to their spiritual gifts (cf. 1 Cor. 12-14), necessary to grow the church. The last three are attitudes Christians must possess. Yet, Paul tosses generosity right onto that figurative pile. He calls for them to abound in this gracious work, too. It proved the sincerity of their love. Later, Paul urges them to “show them the proof of your love and of our reason for boasting about you” (24). It’s not generous giving or these other qualities, or vice versa. God wants all of us. 

GENEROUS GIVING READIES ONE FOR COMPLETION (10-15)

Paul calls for them to finish what they intended to do in this matter. Intentions, as great as they may be, cannot be spent or used to meet the various needs Paul is concerned about. The completion of it was as vital as the readiness to do it. God sees giving as the great equalizer between those with abundance and those with need. He’s not talking about redistribution of wealth. He’s talking about a healthy attitude toward one’s wealth that leads to God supplying all that’s needed through our generosity. Don’t just intend or desire to give. Do it!

GENEROUS GIVING RESULTS IN ACCOMPLISHING GOD’S WORK (16-24)

This is a matter of practicality. Real needs in spreading the gospel existed, requiring monetary aid to accomplish. Titus brought it to their attention. Paul is reminding them of it. As they participated in this gracious work, they were helping the church. 

Do you find it interesting that for the inspired Paul, the subject of giving was not off-limits whether he was talking about the rich or the poor or the weak or the strong? Giving is a fundamental aspect and expression of our faith. It is not a substitute for good works. It is a specific example, one of many good works. We need to excel in this gracious work also!

Blessings Of The Christian Family (7:2-16)

Neal Pollard

God designed the church as His house filled with His children (cf. 1 Tim. 3:15; 5:1-2). Despite the ways we can try one another and disappoint each other, the church is filled with the best people on earth. We may see each other at our worst, but we also will see each other at our best. And, at our best, we see Christ shining out through each other’s lives. 

Paul has admonished these Christians to live distinctive, holy lives (6:14-7:1), and now he makes another personal plea to them. He urges them, saying, “Make room in your hearts for us” (1). While he does defend his behavior and that of his coworkers (2), he also says it out of “great pride” for them (4). He uses this as an opportunity to focus on “the bright side,” noting all the improvements and development these Christians–living in an unwholesome society–had made. In doing so, he helps us take inventory of our church family and its many blessings. Consider a few of them in chapter seven.

COMFORT (6-7,13)

It’s amazing how, when we are at our lowest, our brethren have an uncanny knack for encouraging us. That’s what Paul experienced during some moments of great affliction, exhaustion, turmoil, and fear (5). He recognized how God comforted them through especially Titus, who had been comforted by the Corinthians (6-7). Their behavior transformed the grief of Paul, who had been worried about the Corinthians’ spiritual state (7). The joy Titus felt sent waves of comfort through Paul and Timothy (13). I’ve not only seen this happen, I’ve experienced it more times than I can count. 

FRUITS OF REPENTANCE (8-12)

Paul experienced something most anyone who has had to engage in rebuke and admonition feels. Few relish having to make others feel badly about their words or actions. He wasn’t sorry he did what God wanted him to do, but he could not help feeling regret in his humanity (8). But, what a blessing to see God’s plan work and His wisdom vindicated. The power of the Word brought about repentance, which Paul describes as “godly grief” (9-10), reformation of behavior proven by earnestness, eagerness to clear themselves, and other actions which “proved themselves innocent” (11). Their broken hearts led to such change of behavior that it was clear “in the sight of God” (12). Seeing the Word break sinful hearts and bring about godly change is so faith-affirming and the cause of unanticipated joy. 

PRIDE (14)

Paul calls his confidence in the Corinthians “boasting,” but not an empty boast. His optimism about their potential to repent and change was vindicated. How many times have we seen our brethren do the right thing, even when it was hard and even if it meant publicly repenting. We felt like they would do what was right, and what pride we take in them when they do! 

AFFECTION (15)

Titus felt affection over this transformation in the Corinthians, which was brought on by their obedience. How did they view their sinfulness? With fear and trembling. It really does (or should) touch our hearts and bind us to our brethren who view their sins with sorrow, resolved to do better. 

JOY THROUGH CONFIDENCE (16)

Paul said, “I rejoice, because I have complete confidence in you.” This word the ESV translated “joy” means to “be in a state of happiness and well-being” (BDAG). What is the source of pure joy, even in trying times (cf. 6:10)? Brethren who live up to their potential and follow through with the best part of their nature. To believe a brother will do what’s right and put away what’s wrong, then see him do it, creates this rejoicing described by Paul here.

Isn’t it interesting how none of these blessings are material, financial, or physical. It seems that God’s greatest blessings are like the ones described by Paul here. And he accomplishes it through our spiritual family members, even when they have behaved in disappointing ways in the past. God sees what we can be; we should see that not only in ourselves but in each other. 

A Call To Holy Living (6:14-7:1)

Neal Pollard

Paul shifts his focus to the recipients of his message, the focus of his ministry. He admonishes the Corinthians to answer God’s call for godly, sanctified behavior. It is so tempting to blend into this world and go with its flow. We can come to feel that we can only succeed if we play by the world’s rules, linking ourselves to it through our speech, relationships, and conduct. But, knowing God has something infinitely better in store for us in eternity, we will reject its call and hear God’s. What does that look like, practically speaking? It calls for a proper:

• CONNECTION (14–“Do not be bound together with unbelievers”)

Watch who you let yourself be linked to.

• PARTICIPATION (14–“What partnership have righteousness and lawlessness?”)

Watch what you allow yourself to be caught up in

• ASSOCIATION (14–“What fellowship has light with darkness?”)

Watch what you tell others you are comfortable with

• HARMONIZATION (15–“What harmony has Christ with Belial?”)

Watch what worldly values you allow yourself to accept

• PORTION (15–“What has a believer in common with an unbeliever?”)

Watch what secular and societal causes you attach your name to

• ACCEPTATION (16–“What agreement has the temple of God with idols?”)

Watch giving others the idea that you revere what rivals God

• RESIGNATION (17–“Come out from their midst and be separate,” says the Lord, “And do not touch what is unclean”

Watch the tendency to blend in with the world and taint yourself with it

• PRIORITIZATION (17-18–“And I will welcome you. And I will be a father to you, and you shall be sons and daughters to Me, says the Lord Almighty)

Watch relationships that displace God as Father

• PURIFICATION (1–“Having these promises, beloved, let us cleanse ourselves from all defilement of flesh and spirit, perfecting holiness in the fear of God”)

Watch whatever would spiritually taint and make you profane

The age-old tension is one I’ve heard all my life expressed this way, that “we are to be in the world, but not of the world” (1 John 2:15-17; John 17:15). Peter talks about keeping our behavior excellent among the Gentiles by abstaining from fleshly lusts which war against our souls (1 Pet. 2:11-12). Paul is just showing us how that looks, practically. We need to build relationships with the lost if we hope to win them. We have to work jobs, live in neighborhoods, transact business, and assimilate into society both to provide for our families and to be leavening influence for righteousness. But, we cannot surrender God’s promises, taint ourselves with sin, or choose to fear the world. God has something far greater in store for us! Let’s not be an Esau, who sold his blessing and lived with tearful regret (Heb. 12:16-17). 

What Motivates Us To Share Christ (5:11-21)

Neal Pollard

Paul, who has been defending the work he and his fellow-laborers have been doing as servants of Christ, moves to the broader consideration of what should move us to share Him with others. Motivation is key to involvement. Often, when I see the importance of my personal involvement in spreading Christ to others, it will touch my heart and open my lips.  What motives should move us?

THE TERROR OF THE LORD (11)

This actually connects back to verse 10. There’s a great day coming, and all of us will be judged. If one is unprepared for that day, he or she should rightfully feel terrified. Knowing the terror facing those not ready to face Jesus, we persuade men. 

PERSONAL INTEGRITY (12-13)

Paul saw his involvement in reaching souls as a matter of personal integrity and honor. These spiritual servants shared Christ for God and for them (13). Soul-winning is our responsibility, and we should realize our character is at stake. 

THE LOVE OF CHRIST (14-16)

One of the most important and transforming truths is that Christ loves everyone. In fact, Paul says “the love of Christ controls us” (14). He proved that love by dying for all so that all could be reconciled (see 17-19). All are dead outside of Christ, but He can make men spiritually alive. That love for us and them should move us. 

THE TRANSFORMING POWER OF RECONCILIATION (17-19)

Anyone in Christ is a new creation (17). He reconciled us to Himself, and then gave us the ministry of reconciliation (18). He entrusted us with the message of reconciliation (19). We are offering people the ability to restore their relationship with God. Think of the peace, relief, and joy we can bring into people’s lives by offering them the hope of Christ!

OUR RESPONSIBILITY AS AMBASSADORS OF CHRIST (20)

God has given us the job of representing Him to men. He makes His appeal through us. We implore others on behalf of Christ to be reconciled. That doesn’t make us important, but it does mean our job could not be more important!

THE FACT THAT WE ARE MADE RIGHTEOUS IN HIM (21)

Christ is our substitute sacrifice, as He is for the people we need to reach. He makes us righteous through Himself. Knowing that God looks at a saved soul and sees purity and righteousness is powerful! That’s what He sees when He looks at us, covered in Christ. It’s what He sees when He looks at everyone covered in Christ. I want for others what I myself have been given!

This isn’t the totality of our motivation, but if this was an exhaustive list it would be enough! Suffice it to say that I don’t lack reasons for sharing my faith. The reasons are diverse, but each is significant by itself. Let’s pray for wisdom, courage, and tenderness of heart to be God’s voice and hands in reconciling the world to Him. 

Rewards Of Faithful Service (4:16-5:10)

Neal Pollard

After discussing the kind of servants who are useful to God, Paul shifts to what God does for those who faithfully serve Him. We could make the case that God is to be served simply because He is God, but as the Bible reveals the nature of God it shows Him to be a good, giving, and gracious God. As you cannot out-give God, neither can your service exceed His compensation. Paul shifts to what faithfulness to God brings into our life. 

WE WILL BE CLOTHED WITH A NEW BODY (4:16-5:4)

It can be discouraging to try and serve the Lord even as time and age begin to ravage our bodies. We face the inevitable ravages of the calendar, but Paul shares good news. We look past the decay and affliction to the eternal glory that awaits us. Our inward man can get stronger and better the longer we faithfully serve God. Yet, we long for the time when we have a new body and a new dwelling place with God. God promises that mortality will be swallowed up by life (4). Paul has described this amazing transformation in the first letter (cf. 1 Cor. 15). This reward should spur us on to keep serving until we fold our tent (1). 

WE RECEIVE COURAGE IN THE HOPE OF GOD (5:5-8)

God doesn’t just point us to future reward; He gives us present hope. Twice, Paul says we are of good courage (6,8). Why? First, God has given us the Spirit as a pledge (5). Second, God has given us His Word which causes us to walk by faith and not by sight (7). Third, God has promised us a home with Him (8). That hope gives me courage, no matter what I may have to face between now and then. He equips me with everything I need to spiritually survive. 

WE HAVE CONFIDENCE FOR THE FUTURE (5:9-10)

We want to please Him because we know what is ahead. Going before the judgment seat of Christ would frankly be horrifying if not for God’s promise through Christ. Standing before Him and giving an account for my deeds in the body, I can have confidence because I faithfully served Him. Jesus took the fear out of the judgment, and Paul is about to explain why in the next paragraph. 

How often do we get tired and discouraged, trying to live the Christian life in a world disinterested in that? What will keep us moving, doing His will? Focus on the reward, the hope, and the judgment. In Christ, the best is definitely yet to come. 

From Letters To Ministries To Veils (3:1-18)

Neal Pollard

Apparently due to unnamed critics who were trying to condemn the work Paul and his co-workers were doing, Paul feels the need to defend it. Paul felt it worthwhile to “stoop” to this because the spiritual well being of this church meant that much to him. He was an inspired writer and Spirit-led apostle, so his work must be accomplished. But make no mistake about it, the power was not in Paul and his fellow-laborers; it was in the message and the One responsible for it. 

LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION (1-3)

We all have benefited from someone giving us a good recommendation for a job, scholarship, or award. Such apparently had a place in the ancient world, too, but Paul calls the Corinthians his letter of recommendation. Their faith and faithfulness were sufficient proof of the quality work Paul and the others had done. It was proof positive that God was at work through these missionaries (2). The “letter” was written on their hearts. 

MINISTERS OF SUFFICIENCY (4-9)

Paul shifts his illustration from a figurative epistle written on by the apostle’s work to their actual work as servants of God. While Paul’s use of the word “minister” includes the idea of preaching and teaching the gospel, his point is that they were servants of God and the Corinthians. They were serving by sharing Christ with these Christians. Paul makes the point that their success and sufficiency was because of Christ in them, not because of them (4-6). They didn’t gauge success necessarily by the response people had to their teaching, but whether or not they faithfully shared it. He contrasts their work with the work done under the first covenant. As glorious as was the word that came to Moses on Sinai, the ministry of the Spirit is more glorious and righteous (8-9). 

VEIL OF MOSES (10-18)

Paul transitions to a third word picture in this discussion. When Moses received the ten commandments, he had to wear a veil to shield the Israelites from the physical glory and brightness that he possessed after being with God. You may remember that despite this demonstration, they managed to be hardhearted and did not have the faith to conquer Canaan in their generation. Paul then says that Jews who refused to leave the Old Law for Christ were in the same predicament as their Old Testament counterparts. But now the veil is over their own eyes and is only taken away when they believe the gospel of Christ. When one does remove the veil, there is freedom and transformation (17-18).

How does this apply to us today? Believe it or not, it’s very practical. First, we need to remind ourselves that we shouldn’t fear criticism or the unrighteous judgment of others as we seek to serve God. Influence others and their faithfulness will testify to our good work. We also remind ourselves that any and all success we have in saving souls and strengthening saints is because of God’s power and not ours. While we may not be trying to convince Jews to leave the Old Law, we are trying to help people with spiritual blinders on to remove whatever it is in order to see Christ. When they do, they will be free and transformed! We should let that motivate us!

Truly Forgiving A Brother Who Repents (2:5-11)

Neal Pollard

Through the years, I have handled some public responses from Christians who were repenting of some very public, sometimes very damaging, sins. They had the courage and humility to try and make right and move on from these transgressions in order to be restored to fellowship and the light. Almost always, their spiritual family has rallied around them and assured them of their love and forgiveness. What should happen is that no one holds them hostage to these sins by reminding them of those things or judging that they have not changed when their deeds and fruits say otherwise.

It appears that Paul is writing the church about the man who had his father’s wife (1 Cor. 5:1ff). Paul writes in that first letter that they should “judge” him by delivering “such a one to Satan for the destruction of his flesh, so that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord Jesus” (1 Cor. 5:3,5). We can assume that not only did they do just that, but that their action worked to bring about the man’s repentance. In 2Corinthians 2:5-11, Paul tells them what should come next. 

FORGIVE AND COMFORT HIM (7)

They had taken the hard steps outlined by Paul (1 Cor. 5), and it brought him back. When he came face to face with his sin, it must have been a harsh reality check. Paul suggests he was wrestling with “excessive sorrow.” Perhaps he had a hard time forgiving himself, so it was vital for the church to let him know they no longer held this against him. As our sin dawns on us, it can be “overwhelming.” We don’t feel worthy or worthwhile, and a forgiving church is God’s antidote for that. 

REAFFIRM YOUR LOVE FOR HIM (8)

One rebounding from sin also does not feel worthy of love. When one has publicly done what is unlovable, the last thing he or she expects is to be shown love. Paul begs them to tangibly, audibly, and visibly reassure this man of their love for him. As “the majority” reminds itself of our own sin and weakness, we will freely embrace and restore one of our number who has repented of sin and weakness. 

BE OBEDIENT IN EVERYTHING (9-10)

Forgiving is a spiritual test. Do you remember what Jesus taught? Jesus gives a parable of a man forgiven of an insurmountable debt who mercilessly refuses to forgive a fellow slave of an infinitely smaller debt. That slave was delivered to the torturers, and Jesus concludes, “My heavenly Father will also do the same to you, if each of you does not forgive his brother from your heart” (Mat. 18:35). Forgiving the penitent is a command (9) that must be obeyed (10). Remembering this will help us with brethren who personally come to us or publicly repent. 

DON’T BE OUTWITTED BY SATAN (11)

Sometimes the devil’s ploys are more overt and obvious. A man living in sexual sin with his father’s wife is a “no brainer.” At first, the Corinthians knew about it and kept fellowship with him despite the sin (1 Cor. 5:2). When rebuked for this, they stepped up and handled it. Now, this more subtle trick was being employed by Satan. Our adversary is willing to use anything he can to harm our fellowship and unity, and to hurt the cause of Christ. Paul urges them not to allow this by withholding fellowship to one who repented. 

God wants us to be a people willing to deal forthrightly and biblically with “sin in the camp.” But, when one repents, He wants us to be equally willing to reflect God’s full and unreserved loving forgiveness. Encourage them, reassure them, and embrace them. The goal is salvation–theirs and ours. 

Motivations For Teaching Difficult Things (1:12-2:4)

Neal Pollard

It becomes clear from reading this letter that Paul feels the need to defend himself and his actions among the Corinthians. He feared that he had been misunderstood in his previous work among them (cf. 1:12-14). In fact, it seems as though this is the purpose of the letter (look also at 5:11-12). If you remember from the first letter, he had some pretty challenging and unpopular things to say about how they were behaving. It’s not far-fetched to think that some of them not only would not appreciate what he said, but would attack him as the messenger for saying it. 

Sometimes, however lovingly and kindly we share the truth, it will offend the hearer who, instead of repenting, tries to undermine the one who said it.  As we read this section, think of Paul as a man, just like his audience, who has feelings, struggles, difficulties, and temptations, too. He also needed them to know that it was because he cared so much about them that he would not “shrink from declaring to [them] anything that was profitable” (cf. Acts 20:20). What drove Paul to minister to the Corinthians?

THE GRACE OF GOD (12)

He would not boast in himself, whether his abilities or knowledge or influence. Those are empty and unsatisfying. His motives were pure and he was helped by a grace he wanted them to appreciate, too. When we understand our need of God’s grace, it will move us to give Him our all in response. 

THE JUDGMENT DAY OF GOD (13-14)

Paul wanted them to be able to legitimately boast together and of one another at “the day of the Lord” (cf. 5:10). The word “boast” in modern English has negative connotations–bragging, arrogance, and sinful pride. Paul wanted to have confidence in them as they faced this Day, as confident as he hoped they were of him in view of it. We should share the whole counsel of God to make sure people are ready for the most important day of all. 

THE PROMISES OF GOD (20)

He shared the positive and negative, the promises and the warnings, because he knew God meant what He said. He would not equivocate or talk out of both sides of his mouth. He was going to give them “the whole purpose of God” (cf. Acts 20:27). He knew God was the supreme promise-keeper (2 Tim. 4:8; 2 Cor. 5:11-14).

THE GLORY OF GOD (20)

Paul taught them for the glory of God. The Word is God’s. The promises are God’s. The salvation is from God. How silly for the fragile pottery to brag (4:7); the glory belongs to the Potter. Anything worthwhile we accomplish is always because of God. 

THE WORKING OF GOD (21-22)

Paul was moved by the knowledge that God is the one who establishes men (21), sets us apart (21), and gives us His Spirit (22). Knowing this, we should share Him with people so that God can accomplish His work in their lives. 

THE WITNESS OF GOD (23-24)

Wise teachers and preachers will remember that God is watching their work. He can see where no one else can–our hearts and motives. Knowing He knows me inside and out, I will check myself and do His work to bring the joy and strength of our hearers (23-24). 

THE PEOPLE OF GOD (2:1-4)

We should be moved by genuine love and concern for people. Those who share the word should share life with those who receive the word from them. Building relationships, being together in all the ups and downs of life, is what it is all about. It’s hard to imagine staying motivated to share the gospel with people we isolate ourselves from. 

Perhaps there are some preachers and teachers who just love beating up on their listeners (or readers). Motivation is individual to each one (Phil. 1:15-17). I have to believe that every faithful proclaimer wants not only to please God but also help as many people as possible go to heaven. There are so many great reasons why Christians should want to share God’s Word with others. Paul gives us a handful of them here. 

The Causes Of Comfort (1:1-11)

Neal Pollard

Paul decides to follow up on his first letter to the saints at Corinth (cf. 2 Cor. 7:8). He greets them with similar language in both epistles (“the church of God,” “saints,” “grace and peace”), but his purpose in this letter will be very different. This time around, Paul is defending his apostleship, his actions, and his work, while following up to matters and concerns he addressed in the first letter. But the beautiful beginning of this letter stands out as one of the most encouraging greetings in not only the Bible but all of human history. The unmistakeable theme is “comfort.” What are the sources of comfort available to the Christian today?

• GOD THE FATHER (3-4)–“The Father of mercies and the God of all comfort”
• THOSE WHO HAVE BEEN THROUGH AFFLICTION AND UNDERSTAND (4)–When we go through hard times, it makes us suited and equipped to help others who go through the same thing
• CHRIST (5)–Who has endured suffering like Jesus (Heb. 12:1)? Whose comfort is more abundant than His? 
• THOSE WHO HAVE SUCCESSFULLY MANAGED SUFFERING (6-10)–Paul saw the many things he went through as a servant of Christ (see 11:23ff) as accomplishing not only the preaching of the gospel but also the means of encouragement and even comfort for other Christians trying to successfully live the Christian life. Out of despair, affliction, threat of death, weakness, and peril came deliverance and hope. Paul and his co-workers, from these experiences, could help these brethren make it. 
• PRAYER (11)–Our own prayers and those others pray for us

We are living in a world that not only gives no comfort, but also steals comfort. Everyone wants courage, cheer, encouragement, and cheering up, and it is available. But we are called to go to the right sources, the very ones Paul identifies at the start of this letter. May we obtain that comfort ourselves, then share it with others.