The writer of 2 Kings is constantly diverting his attention from Israel to Judah and vice versa. So, he introduces us to Azariah, also known as Uzziah, anointed king over Judah at age 16. We will read much more about him in 2 Kings 15, but he seems to be referenced here only to give us the chronology for when Jeroboam II is anointed king of Israel. It is in the 16th year of Uzziah’s reign that Jeroboam comes to the throne. This will be the next-to-last generation in the dynasty of Jehu, but his son, Zechariah (2 Ki. 14:29), will be murdered after six months. When he ascends to the throne, Israel only has about 70 years left before they are destroyed by the vicious Assyrians. God has been patient with Israel for almost 150 years, as king after king behaves just as Jeroboam will behave: “He did evil in the sight of the Lord; he did not depart from all the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, which he made Israel sin” (2 Ki. 14:24).
He will reign 41 years over Israel, an evil king over a wicked and disobedient people. But, these are God’s people, Abraham’s descendants and once part of the United Kingdom. If we do the impossible and try to put ourselves in God’s place, can we imagine giving to and doing for a people who are continually unappreciative, rebellious, and unfaithful? How long could we go before we ran out of patience? How many times could we be betrayed and hated by the recipients of our generosity before we gave up on them? Or, having God’s power, how long before we destroyed them all? God will go over 200 years, restraining Himself as His people served other gods and gratified their flesh.
Isn’t it amazing how much grace and kindness God shows to this faithless people? The Jonah who God graciously sends to the Assyrians to preach repentance (Jonah 1:1) is also sent to Israel (2 Ki. 14:25). Despite Jonah’s flaws, his ministry seemed to be to extend God’s grace to an unrighteous people. Then, read what the author says about God and Israel next. “For the Lord saw the affliction of Israel, which was very bitter; for there was neither bond nor free, nor was there any helper for Israel. The Lord did not say that He would blot out the name of Israel from under heaven, but He saved them by the hand of Jeroboam the son of Joash” (2 Ki. 14:26-27). You want insight into the heart of God, as He deals with our sins? He cares when His people suffer. He views us with compassion, sympathy, and concern. He doesn’t want to reject us or let us go. God sent His prophet Hosea to this very people and speaks His mind on this subject: ” How can I give you up, O Ephraim? How can I surrender you, O Israel? How can I make you like Admah? How can I treat you like Zeboiim? My heart is turned over within Me, All My compassions are kindled. I will not execute My fierce anger; I will not destroy Ephraim again. For I am God and not man, the Holy One in your midst, And I will not come in wrath” (Hosea 11:8-9).
No one will be able to legitimately say at the Judgment, “God, you were harsh, hasty, and hateful!” No, even in the face of faithlessness, God shows His matchless grace! His patience can be exhausted and His justice will not allow impenitence to go unpunished (read Exodus 34:7). But let no one accuse God of reckless wrath! He is the God of unending love. May this lead us to repentance (Rom. 2:4) and faithfulness (Rev. 2:10)!
Perhaps two kings most epitomize how bad the northern kingdom (Israel) was. The first symbol of their spiritual rottenness was Jeroboam. His legacy lives at the end of each successive king’s biography. Their epitaph all point back to him: “For he walked in all the way of Jeroboam the son of Nebat and in his sins which he made Israel sin, provoking the Lord God of Israel with their idols” (26). His influence stained all the rest of them. The second symbol was Ahab, who we are introduced to in 1 Kings 16. His life is summed up starting in verse 30: “Ahab the son of Omri did evil in the sight of the Lord more than all who were before him.” The writer then goes on to elaborate with details before summarizing, saying, “Thus Ahab did more to provoke the Lord God of Israel than all the kings of Israel who were before him” (33).
What makes for a man like this, able to stand out in an already wicked environment?
HAVE A CULTURE OF VIOLENCE AND DIVISION. The entire nation divided in Rehoboam’s reign, and the root cause was sin (ch. 11). Now, for the second time, a dynasty is supplanted by murder and overthrow. This time, not only is Zimri killed, but there’s a division between two factions–Tibni and Omri. Omri prevails and Tibni dies. How old was Ahab as all this took place? The Bible does not say. But, the victories of his father were surely retold as he established himself on the throne.
LIVE IN A HOME WHERE SIN IS SERVED. Ahab’s father held the ignominious distinction of doing evil in God’s sight, one who “acted more wickedly than all who were before him” (25). He learned from the “best” at being the “worst.” No wonder Ahab went even further and lower. He was mighty. He built the city, Samaria, which became the capital of Israel. But God’s focus was on his disobedience and idolatry. That was the cradle where young Ahab was nurtured.
MARRY FOOLISHLY. The writer makes a statement to the effect of, “And if that wasn’t enough…” He says, “It came about, as though it had been a trivial thing for him to walk in the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, that he married Jezebel the daughter of Ethbaal king of the Sidonians…” (31). Even modern, secular people know the name “Jezebel,” synonymous with being wicked and ruinous. She was as toxic an influence as the equally infamous woman who was Samson’s foil: Delilah. Through her influence, Ahab descends more deeply into deviance and deplorability (cf. 21:25).
Isn’t it remarkable how the more things change, the more they stay the same? What three factors do more to shape our direction and influence our eternity than our culture, upbringing, and marriage? All of these can be overcome, but usually they aren’t. Under Christ, the church and evangelism are the divine countermeasures. God’s Word is the guide that can lead us from such darkness into heavenly light. They can lead to a turnaround. We cannot choose the behavior of the culture or the home environment we are raised in. But we can change the future, if we know better and do better. Sadly, Ahab would succumb to all three influences, and others paid the price.
An interesting postscript is found here. During Ahab’s reign, a man named Hiel rebuilt Jericho. When Joshua and the people conquered and destroyed the city, he man an oath cursing any man who attempted to rebuild it. He warned that anyone who did so would pay with the life of their oldest and youngest sons (Josh. 6:26). Hiel’s ignorance of Scripture cost him dearly (34). Maybe this is more than a historical aside and footnote. What does this story have in common with the larger downfall of Ahab, Omri, and their predecessors? Their moral and spiritual failure was due to ignoring God’s Word. As a prophet would soon say, “My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge. Because you have rejected knowledge, I also will reject you from being My priest. Since you have forgotten the law of your God, I also will forget your children” (Hos. 4:6).
Wisdom, Governance, and the Search for Fulfillment
Brent Pollard
What events so enraged the majority of Israel’s tribes that they chose to secede from the Davidic monarchy? In 1 Kings 12, Jeroboam and a group of Israelites confronted the recently anointed monarch.
“Your father made our yoke hard; but now, lighten the hard labor imposed by your father and his heavy yoke which he put on us, and we will serve you.” (1 Kings 12.4 NASB)
I read this passage for a long time without fully comprehending its significance. Solomon used corvée (kor-VAY) labor to build extravagant structures. Many of these people chosen to work were foreigners discovered during David’s disastrous census (2 Chronicles 2.17). Solomon is portrayed more favorably in the Book of Chronicles than in the Book of Kings. However, in 1 Kings 5.13, Solomon “conscripted forced laborers from all Israel” (NASB, emphasis mine).
Is there a modern equivalent of corvée labor? Military service is mandatory in some modern nations. Some countries that do this include Israel, South Korea, and Switzerland. However, the focus of corvée labor is on infrastructure projects. It would be a more fitting analogy if the Civilian Conservation Corps of the New Deal had mandated rather than recruited young men. I live in an area with state parks built by the Civilian Conservation Corps. Photographs document their hard work cutting trees and building park facilities.
As a result, the populace informed Rehoboam that they did not appreciate the yoke his father had imposed upon them. Rehoboam told the people he would respond to their complaint in three days (1 Kings 12.5). Within those three days, Rehoboam consulted his older advisors. They told Rehoboam to lift the burdens placed on the people by his father. Rehoboam also consulted his young advisors. Their advice was different.
“And the young men who had grown up with him spoke to him, saying, ‘This is what you should say to this people who spoke to you, saying: ‘Your father made our yoke heavy, now you make it lighter for us!’ You should speak this way to them: ‘My little finger is thicker than my father’s waist! Now then, my father loaded you with a heavy yoke; yet I will add to your yoke. My father disciplined you with whips, but I will discipline you with scorpions!’” (1 Kings 12.10-11 NASB)
To the ruin of the united monarchy of Israel, Rehoboam went to his peers’ advice. Of course, given the sins of Solomon in going after the gods of his many wives (see 1 Kings 11.4–8), we know that this was the determination of God to tear away the kingdom from him and give it to his servant, Jeroboam (1 Kings 11.11–13). 1 Kings 12.15 clearly states that Rehoboam did not listen to the people “because it was a turn of events from the Lord, in order to establish His word which the Lord spoke through Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam the son of Nebat.” (NASB)
On the one hand, it is hard to feel sympathy for the Israelites. God had warned them that such a scenario was possible when they clamored for a king. Note 1 Samuel 8.10ff:
“So Samuel spoke all the words of the Lord to the people who had asked him for a king. And he said, “This will be the practice of the king who will reign over you: he will take your sons and put them in his chariots for himself and among his horsemen, and they will run before his chariots. He will appoint for himself commanders of thousands and commanders of fifties, and some to do his plowing and to gather in his harvest, and to make his weapons of war and equipment for his chariots. He will also take your daughters and use them as perfumers, cooks, and bakers…He will also take your male servants and your female servants, and your best young men, and your donkeys, and use them for his work…Then you will cry out on that day because of your king whom you have chosen for yourselves, but the Lord will not answer you on that day.” (NASB)
Despite hearing this, the people said, “No, but there shall be a king over us, so that we also may be like all the nations, and our king may judge us and go out before us and fight our battles.” (1 Samuel 8.19-20). God told Samuel to let the people have what they wanted.
On the other hand, we have to wonder how the wisest man, other than the Son of Man, who ever lived, could so choose to burden his people as to make them grumble and complain. After all, Solomon imparted some wisdom about rulers to his son in Proverbs. For example, in Proverbs 28.16, Solomon says, “A leader who is a great oppressor lacks understanding, But a person who hates unjust gain will prolong his days.” (NASB) It is a paradox that someone can be both wise and demonstrate a lack of understanding. Yet, this describes Solomon well.
The greatest tragedy is how Solomon felt after considering everything he achieved using corvée labor. Note Ecclesiastes 2.4-6 and 11:
I enlarged my works: I built houses for myself, I planted vineyards for myself; I made gardens and parks for myself, and I planted in them all kinds of fruit trees; I made ponds of water for myself from which to irrigate a forest of growing trees. (NASB)
So I considered all my activities which my hands had done and the labor which I had exerted, and behold, all was futility and striving after wind, and there was no benefit under the sun. (NASB)
Thus, he built things thinking it would bring him a sense of satisfaction, only to realize that after he was gone, everything he had made would fall into the hands of another (see Ecclesiastes 2.18). The reality made him realize that this, too, was vanity. Solomon proves that having wisdom on a personal level doesn’t always translate seamlessly to governance. Making decisions impacting an entire nation can vastly differ from making personal decisions or offering advice to individuals.
The story of Solomon and the division of the kingdom that followed is a timeless cautionary tale about the difficulties of leadership, the perils of absolute power, and the universal human yearning for meaning and purpose. We may find it hard to relate to the specifics of Solomon’s rule and the events leading to Israel’s division, but the underlying themes remain relevant to our time. No matter how experienced or knowledgeable they are, leaders can still make mistakes. Pursuing one’s ambition can frequently result in undesirable outcomes without moderation and self-reflection.
This story serves as a reminder for those in authoritative roles to listen to sound advice and stay in touch with the wants and feelings of the people they govern. For everyone else, it highlights the futility of placing one’s hope for happiness in material things and the fleeting nature of life itself. It’s a sobering reminder that pursuing lasting happiness should take priority over acquiring worldly power and prestige.
Because Solomon chose his wives over God, God was angry at him and told him, “I will surely tear the kingdom from you, and will give it to your servant” (1 Kings 11:11). It was only because of God’s integrity and His loyalty to his father David that God did not take the entire kingdom away from him and his posterity. God told Solomon, “I will give one tribe to your son for the sake of My servant David and for the sake of Jerusalem which I have chosen” (13).
In 1 Kings 11:14-40, God details the opposition of three powerful enemies: Hadad the Edomite (14-22), Rezan, ruler of the Arameans (23-25), and especially Jeroboam the son of Nebat (26-40). The immediate cause of Hadad’s opposition was David’s army commander, Joab’s, extermination of the rest of the Edomite males of his generation. His resulting hatred emboldened his opposition to Solomon. The immediate cause of Rezan’s opposition was Solomon’s father, David’s slaughtering of his former army. The immediate cause of Jeroboam’s opposition was the visit from God’s prophet, Ahijah the Shilohite, who told him God was giving him rule over ten of the tribes of Israel because of Solomon’s idolatry and disobedience. Solomon heard about that prophecy and, combined with hearing from God that he would lose the majority of the kingdom, “Solomon sought therefore to put Jeroboam to death; but Jeroboam arose and fled to Egypt to Shishak king of Egypt, and he was in Egypt until the death of Solomon” (40).
It is interesting that there was an immediate cause of all of this opposition to Solomon, but there was also an ultimate cause. The ultimate cause was Solomon’s own sin and unfaithfulness. He was learning an immutable (unchanging) truth, that one cannot successfully oppose God without consequences. He was reaping the very thing he had sown. My dad often says, “Many people sow their wild oats and pray for a crop failure.” Perhaps that was Solomon. But, he was seeing noxious weeds choking the garden of his achievements and success.
Scripture gives us an avoidable maxim: “Do not be deceived, God is not mocked; for whatever a man sows, this he will also reap. For the one who sows to his own flesh will from the flesh reap corruption, but the one who sows to the Spirit will from the Spirit reap eternal life” (Gal. 6:7-8). Hosea would put it sowing to the wind and reaping a whirlwind (8:7). Eliphaz described it as plowing iniquity and sowing trouble harvesting the same (Job 4:8). However we put it, no one wants to set himself up as God’s enemy (Rom. 8:7; Jas. 4:4). It is a losing proposition that brings heartache in this life and infinitely more trouble in the life to come.
Your heart is only a little bigger than your fist and it weighs a mere 7-15 ounces. Despite its small size on the outside, on the inside, in that figurative heart, you’ll find a massive stadium. There are battles that take place in this stadium on a daily basis. In the movies the good guy will always win, but in this arena? It depends on who is stronger. The Bible gives us several vivid descriptions of what goes on inside the heart, so let’s explore that.
Dead Giveaways
A cheerful disposition can be the sign of a healthy heart according to Proverbs 15:13. This tells us that our outward appearance can give away our interior.
Check out this section of scripture to see that in action.
Crazy Train Cain
“On Abel God looked with favor, but on Cain and his offering He did not look with favor. God said to Cain why are you angry why has your countenance fallen? If you do right will you not be accepted? But if you do that which is not right, sin is crouching at the door”
Gen. 4.5-6
God already knew what was in Cain’s heart but notice how He explains to Cain that his body language had given away his inward struggles.
Cain is livid and his countenance has fallen. In the following verses Cain ends up killing his own brother because that darkness had taken over.
While we can assume what somebody might be dealing with by observing their countenance, we can’t be absolutely sure. Some people are great at masking their inward selves but God isn’t fooled by our camouflage.
Remember Ol’ Jeroboam?
In 1 Kings 12, Jeroboam takes the throne and is now leader over the Northern nation of Israel. In the Southern kingdom, they had the capital of Jerusalem where all the Israelites in that region would gather to sacrifice to the Lord.
The Bible indicates to us the very plans that Jeroboam said in the “privacy” of his heart. He built his own place of worship and foolishly placed those golden calves up for his new kingdom to worship.
In Luke 16.15, Jesus will prove once again that He’s the son of God by listening in on the secret conversations that take place inside the heart.
May we never forget that we serve a God who has a perfect and intimate knowledge of us. There might be things hidden within us that nobody on earth knows about, but it’s not hidden in heaven. To deny the fact that God can’t see through you is to deny the fact that we are all humans created in His image. Who is the champion of your heart today?
Lived on the border of northern and southern kingdoms
The North was ruled by Jeroboam the 2nd who brought wealth and prosperity to the people
What Are His predictions?
Warning Israel, Judah, Benjamin and all nations of a coming destruction described as “the Day of the Lord.”
What Was His Purpose?
He about the oppression of the poor, sexual immorality, greed, and corrupt government In the Northern kingdom
The wealthy Israelites had become apathetic and spiritually lazy
SIMPLE CHAPTER BREAKDOWN
1-2 messages to the nations and Israel
3-6 poems expressing the message to leaders and people
7-9 God’s judgment is explained
SKY HIGH SNAPSHOTS
The 9 chapter book spends time circling the surrounding nations and pointing out their evil. He starts with the nations furthest away from the people and works his way closer to the target, the Northern tribes.
Amos expresses God’s anger towards Damascus, Gaza, Ammon, Moab, Edom, and even Judah
Finally, the primary audience is shocked to hear that they (Northern territory) are the source of God’s anger as well
Top 2 Practical Lessons From The Book
Our lives will also be lessons for future generations. When they look back they will either say,
“we ought to live as they did” or
“we ought not live as they did.”
PLUGGING IT IN
“WHAT DOES GOD NEED FROM US?”
God needs more fig tree farmers. He needs community preachers in the form of plumbers, school teachers, electricians, nurses, surveyors, dentists, accountants, mechanics, and engineers.
We need more preachers. It’s more common than it was, but there’s a great need for gospel preachers in the LORDs church. Amos spoke for God, but he was in the minority.
We need more elders. Great elders are rare. It’s been said and proven to be true, “The church will never outgrow the shadow of her leadership.”
We need more seriousness. Not more piety, not an immovable allegiance to man’s tradition, more people who take their God seriously.
Amos in a sentence:
“Service does not mean salvation if our service is not from the heart.”
Real faithfulness means worship that is holy— not habitual. He wants committed people, not costume parties. He wants our attention to be placed on our purity, not our performance.
Nineteen kings sat on the throne of the northern kingdom, from Jeroboam (931 B.C.) to Hoshea (722 B.C.), and Jehu was the closest any of them came to being righteous. His “righteousness” was the zealous way he fulfilled the mission God gave him in destroying the house of Ahab and the followers of Baal. In fact, the Lord speaks directly to him and says, “Because you have done well in executing what is right in My eyes, and have done to the house of Ahab according to all that was in My heart, your sons of the fourth generation shall sit on the throne of Israel” (2 Kings 10:30). God recognizes and rewards him for his commitment to His cause. He enjoys a 28-year reign, second only to his great-grandson Jeroboam II. He is remembered for his deeds and his might (34).
Yet, after the lengthy chronicling of Jehu’s extermination campaign, the Bible says little else good about the man. Here’s the summary in 2 Kings 10:
He did not depart from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, which he made Israel sin (29,31).
He kept the golden calves at Bethel and Dan (29).
He was not careful to walk in the law of the Lord with all his heart (31).
He suffered the loss of significant territory to the Arameans (32-33).
His excessive bloodshed would draw divine retribution (Hos. 1:4).
Essentially, he lacked the moral and spiritual resolve to effect religious restoration. He lacked the conviction necessary to be fully obedient to God. He did not purify his heart to align with the heart of God. He was reckless regarding God’s law.
For over 200 years, Jacob’s descendants in the northern kingdom were spiritually adrift. Their best chance to turn that around was after Jehu purged the capital city of Samaria of the temple of Baal, its priests, and its worshippers. A hopeful start was overcome by the general spiritual trajectory of an entire people who did not have God in their hearts.
My daily life is aimed in a general direction. It is important for me to do more than conform outwardly to some of what God’s Word commands. I need to begin in my heart and conscientiously strive to follow His will and demonstrate that in my outward dedication and my inward devotion to Him. I want it to be said of me that I did what was right in His sight (30) AND that I was careful to walk in the law of the Lord with all my heart (31)!
Your heart is only a little bigger than your fist and it weighs a mere 7-15 ounces. Despite it’s small size, on the inside you’ll find a massive stadium. There are battles that take place in this stadium on a daily basis. In the movies the good guy will always win, but in this arena? It will depend on who or what is the strongest.
The Bible gives us several vivid descriptions of what goes on inside the heart, so let’s explore that.
How can we know what’s going inside your heart today?
A cheerful disposition can be the sign of a healthy heart according to Proverbs 15:13. This tells us that our outward appearance can give away our interior.
Check out this section of scripture to see that in action.
“On Abel God looked with favor, but on Cain and his offering He did not look with favor. God said to Cain why are you angry why has your countenance fallen? If you do right will you not be accepted? But if you do that which is not right, sin is crouching at the door”
Gen. 4.5-6
God already knew what was in Cain’s heart but notice how He explains to Cain that his body language had given away his inward struggles.
Cain is livid and his countenance had fallen. In the following verses Cain ends up killing his own brother because that darkness had taken over.
While we can assume what somebody might be dealing with by observing their countenance, we can’t be absolutely sure. Some people are great at masking their inward selves but God isn’t fooled by our camouflage.
Here are two prime examples of that truth.
In 1 Kings 12, Jeroboam takes the throne and is now leader over the Northern tribes of Israel. In the Southern kingdom, they had the capital of Jerusalem where all the Israelites in that region would gather to sacrifice to the Lord.
The Bible indicates to us the very plans that Jeroboam said in the “privacy” of his heart. He built his own place of worship and foolishly placed those golden calves up for his new kingdom to worship.
In Luke 16.15, Jesus will prove once again that He’s the son of God by listening in on the secret conversations of that take place in the heart.
May we never forget that we serve a God who has a perfect and intimate knowledge of us. There might be things hidden within us that nobody on earth knows about, but it’s not hidden in heaven. To deny the fact that God can see through you is to deny the fact that we are all humans created in His image. Who is the champion of your heart today?
In many cases the battles that wage inside of us are never seen by others. The Bible, however, gives us a few clues as to what might be going on inside our hearts.
A cheerful disposition can be the sign of a healthy heart according to Proverbs 15:13. Sometimes our appearance can show the darkness that has crept in.
Consider the following verses,
“And the LORD had regard for Abel and his offering, but for Cain and his offering he had no regard. So Cain was very angry, and his face fell. The LORD said to Cain, “Why are you angry, and why has your face fallen?” (Gen. 4.5-6).
God already knew what was in Cain’s heart, but notice how He tells Cain the outward signs of his inward struggles.
He’s angry and his countenance had fallen. In the following verses Cain ends up killing his own brother because that darkness had taken over.
God knows the heart. He knows every aspect of the heart.
In 1 Kings 12, Jeroboam has just become king over the Northern tribe of Israel. In the Southern kingdom they had the capital of Jerusalem where all the Israelites in that region would gather to sacrifice to the Lord. The Bible indicates to us the very plans that Jeroboam said in the “privacy” of his heart. He built his own place of worship and foolishly stood those golden calves up for his new kingdom to worship.
Jesus proves once again that He’s the son of God by reading the hearts of many individuals in the New Testament (Luke 16:15).
May we never forget that we serve a God who can read our hearts. There are things we can hide from every human on earth, but certainly not God. Let’s also never forget that we don’t have the ability to read hearts and attempting to do so is to pretend to be something other than human.
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