Gary Pollard
(Continuing modernizing translation of this work by one of the early church fathers)
Up to this point, we’ve been talking about the earth and how it’s arranged. Now it makes sense to look more closely at the earth itself—its beginning, its end, the ways God has guided it between those stages, and even the mysteries some say took place before creation or will take place after the end.
The first clear point is that the world, in all its many changes and conditions, is made up of more than just intelligent and transcendent beings and many different species of each. It also includes animals—wild and tame, birds, and creatures of the sea. It includes places as well: the “sky” or “skies”1, the earth, the waters, and the air between them, which some call aether. From the earth come all plants and living things born in it.
Since the world shows so much variety, even among intelligent beings themselves, we must ask: what is the reason for this? What caused the existence of such a diverse world—especially if, as we said earlier, everything will one day be restored to its original state?
The most reasonable answer is this: this variety of lifeforms in the world reflects the variety of movements and choices made by those who fell away from their primal unity and harmony, which was the state God created them in. When they were driven out of that original goodness, and pulled in different directions by desires and motives, they transformed the simple, undivided goodness of their nature into many different kinds of minds and ways of life.
God, with the unlimited skill of his intelligence, transforms and restores all things, no matter how they were made, toward a useful purpose and the common good. In this way, he brings creatures of very different dispositions back into a shared labor and goal. Even though their motives may differ, they all contribute to the fullness and perfection of one world. It is one power that holds the world’s diversity together and directs every movement toward a single function, preventing this vast creation from breaking apart through the conflicts of intelligences.
For this reason, we believe that God the Father, desiring the rescue of all his creatures through the mysterious plan of his Word and Wisdom, has ordered all things so that every spirit—whether soul or rational being, whatever form it takes—is not forced by compulsion into any path against its will. To do so would remove the gift of free will itself and alter the very nature of the created being. Instead, God has wisely adapted their differing purposes to fit the harmony of the world: some need help, others are able to give it, and others create struggles and contests for those trying to grow in moral goodness. This way, diligence is tested, victories are made more certain, and the ranks of honor are secured through the challenges of the struggle.
1 d est coeli, vel coelorum
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