God’s Final Word To His People (66:1-24)
Neal Pollard
It seems to me that, as chapters 63-64 formulate the prayer of God’s people, chapters 65-66 form God’s answer to their lament. This final chapter also serves as a powerful summary and overview of the entire book. God addresses multiple audiences as He looks ahead one final time to the coming of the Messiah. Let’s notice the grand close to this often-regarded magnum opus of all the Old Testament prophetic works.
A word to the humble (1-5). Isaiah at least alludes to, if not quotes, the Spirit-led David (2 Sam. 7:5-7) and Solomon (1 Ki. 8:27) at the former’s resolve to build the temple and the latter’s dedication of the temple. He expresses how He cannot be confined or contained in the worship structures built by man, even His own people’s sanctioned efforts. Perhaps Paul also has Isaiah 66 in the background of his thoughts as he preaches, “The God who made the world and all things in it, since He is Lord of heaven and earth, does not dwell in temples made with hands; nor is He served by human hands, as though He needed anything, since He Himself gives to all people life and breath and all things; and He made from one man every nation of mankind to live on all the face of the earth” (Acts 17:24-26a; cf. 1-2). He declares that He dwells not in literal structures, buildings, but in the right kinds of hearts. Specifically, He is to be found in humble, contrite, and trembling hearts. Could this be a three step process? Humility is affliction of heart, the poor in spirit (Mat. 5:3). Contrite is the crippling effect, the penitent in heart. Trembling is fear or terror at the power of God. If I’m convicted, experience godly sorrow, and then am filled with the dread of not having my sins forgiven, God knows that this is my best hope of doing what pleases Him. Verses 3-5 contrast this tenderness of heart, as He depicts those who choose their own way, delight in their abominations, refuse to listen, and prefer what God hates. These wicked ones may hate the humble of heart, but the arrogant will finally be put to shame. What a needed reminder for us, if we are trying to serve God in humility. We may be viewed contemptibly who are living by the gospel according to self, but God will humble the proud (Psa. 138:6; Prov. 3:34; Mat. 23:12; etc.).
A word to the faithful (6-14). Isaiah engages in intimacy imagery to discuss the future rebirth of God’s people, likened to a mother giving birth to a child. He follows the metaphor from conception to the resulting child’s maturity. Restoration and return from captivity will happen as if the conception and birth occurred on the same day (7), even though there were birth pangs in between. Birth is an occasion for rejoicing (10). The mother-child relationship, with its intimacy and closeness (11-13) is the perfect picture of divine comfort (13). Don’t miss the connection of Isaiah’s Son (7:14; 9:6) and Servant (49:1) to be born and the “nation” (1 Pet. 2:5,9) that would come soon thereafter. Peace and glory would be seen and known to all who would become part of this privileged people. The New Testament shows the glorious fulfillment of this starting in Acts two.
A word to the unrighteous (15-21). The language in this next to last paragraph is of judgment, a recurring theme throughout this entire book. Fire is an often-used symbol of judgment, from Mt. Sinai onward. This paragraph is full of the language of divine punishment– “render His anger with fury” (16), “His rebuke with flames of fire” (16), and “gather all nations” (18). God depicts Himself as all-knowing (18). In the wake of judgment, there will be restoration of true worship and faithful service (20-21). While the end for the wicked is depicted in darkest colors, there is hope for as long as there is still time. Remarkably, God extends a promise of forgiveness and restoration until the end of all things! Even when promising retribution, He offsets it with His perfect grace.
A word to the whole world (22-24). Isaiah implies an eternal picture as He closes. His language of “new heavens and new earth” (22) will be taken by Peter (2 Pet. 3:13) and John (Rev. 21:1) and given eschatological (eternal) meaning. The eternal aspect is also embedded in the idea of the place and the people enduring (22). The picture of perpetuity is also seen in verse 23. Jesus takes the word picture in verse 24 and applies it to hell (Mark 9:48). Because of the successful work of Messiah, spiritual life and torment are co-eternal (Mat. 25:46).
James Smith writes, “While gold and silver depict the glories of Zion, so fire and worms depict the fate of the wicked” (OT Survey Series, 171). Through this dramatic imagery, Isaiah points his readers ahead to more than return from a foreign, physical land. There is return from the figurative wilderness of sin. The Messiah will bring this about, and those who humble their hearts and faithfully follow Him will enjoy all He has to offer in the eternal fellowship and all His perfect home contains. This is a glory and hope for all nations! All because it comes from the heart and hand of a holy God.
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