Tag: Levites

Deuteronomy: The Second Giving Of The Law (XXVIII)

Commandments And Curses (27:1-26)

Neal Pollard

This chapter constitutes the start of the third discourse of Moses, a short sermon covered only in chapters 27-28. Moses’ third sermon, to the delight of homiletics’ teachers, has three points: (1) Covenant Renewal (27:1-26), (2) Blessing And Curses (28:1-48), and (3) The Threat Of Captivity (28:49-68) (Smith, 526). Here, Moses tells God’s people to write the law of God on large stones and coat it with lime (plaster) (2,5). Why? “The specific instruction here was to set up a large stone monument once Canaan had been reached, a stele coated with plaster on which “all the words of this law” could be inscribed (v. 3). Such techniques are well attested in the ancient world. The monumental form and size were to provide ready public access, a rallying point around which the community could gather to more easily recall its commitment as a people” (Merrill, NAC, 342). 

Assembling At Mt. Ebal (1-13).  Merrill divides this section into three parts: (1) Instruction (1-8), (2) Exhortation (9-10), and (3) Preparation (11-13)(ibid.). The people are told to gather at Shechem to set up the stones (1-5,8) and the altar (6-7).  One would be for perpetual remembrance and recall while the other would be for perpetual reverence and rejoicing. God is setting them up for spiritual success, commanding to put in place those matters that would keep their hearts and minds bound to Him.

The exhortation, led by Moses and the priests, was to listen, understand, and obey (9-10). Knowing who they were and who God was should make this a natural consequence. He was giving them a “land flowing with milk and honey…as the Lord, the God of your fathers, promised you” (3b). 

The preparation for the ritual or ceremony on the mountains of blessing (Gerizim) and cursing (Ebal) is outlined in verses 11-13. The tribes were to be divided in half, with Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, and Benjamin on Gerizim and Reuben, Gad, Asher, Zebulun, Dan, and Naphtali on Ebal. Why divide the tribes in this way? It has been suggested that the tribes on the mount of blessing are Rachel and Leah’s natural born sons, while those on the mount of blessing are their concubines’ sons (Driver, Deuteronomy, 298). There are obvious flaws in that supposition. What makes better sense is a division based on where the territories are in the promised land. The map below shows that the southwestern tribes are those responsible for gathering on Gerizim and the northwestern and eastern tribes are those responsible for gathering on Ebal. If the map is enlarged, one can see those mountains situated in West Manasseh northwest of the Dead Sea. 

(Via LOGOS Biblical Places Map)

Twelve Curses (14-26). It is not hard to connect the number of curses with the number of tribes (15-26). It has been suggested that these curses are also tied to sins outlined in the law and already condemned (notice Spence-Jones’ analysis, The Pulpit Commentary, 421):

Ver. 15.—(Cf. Exod. 20:4; Lev. 26:1.)
Ver. 16.—(Cf. Exod. 21:17.)
Ver. 17.—(Cf. ch. 19:14.)
Ver. 18.—(Cf. Lev. 19:14.)
Ver. 19.—(Cf. ch. 24:17.)
Ver. 20.—(Cf. Lev. 18:8; ch. 22:30.)
Ver. 21.—(Cf. Lev. 18:23; 20:15.)
Vers. 22, 23.—(Cf. Lev. 18:9, 17.)
Ver. 24.—(Cf. Exod. 20:13; Numb. 35:16, etc.)
Ver. 25.—(Cf. Exod. 23:7, 8.)
Ver. 26.—(Cf. ch. 28:15; Jer. 11:3, 4.)

The last curse is a general and summary one, while the others strike at specific behaviors leveled against God and man. This ceremonial act, which we will see practiced first in Joshua 8:33-34, had to have been a sobering act of warning and reminder about the power of God and His law. They were submitting themselves to divine curse if they committed these transgressions. 

God has no such tactile or tangible ceremony to remind us of our obligations to Him and His Word today. Or maybe He does. Doesn’t worship, including the weekly memorial to Christ’s suffering, death, and resurrection, serve as an anchor point and highlighting of the blessings of obedience and the curses of apostasy? That is certainly not its sole function, but it is a part (1 Cor. 11:26-29). We are priests positioned in the assembly to stimulate one another to love and good deeds (Heb. 10:24-25). Thank God that He keeps us grounded through the assemblies as well as the other touch points we have throughout the week (Acts 2:42; 1 Pet. 4:9)! 

God Doesn’t Hate You

Tuesday’s Column: Dale Mail

Dale Pollard

“Who does he think he is?”

It’s easy to imagine how the grumbling began among Korah and other religious leaders of the Israelites. Eventually 250 joined and as the grumbling grew so did Korah’s confidence. It all came to a head as the mob approached Moses and the heated accusations start. Korah cries out, “We’re all just as righteous as you are! Why do you stand before us and bark orders?” 

Moses does something unexpected and falls face down. He tells them, “In the morning the Lord will show you all who is holy.” How did those wicked Levites sleep that night? Were they confident that God would deliver them from their “tyrannical” ruler? Maybe they tossed and turned as all sleep escaped them. The following day we read in Numbers 16.32-35, 

“and the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them and their households, and all those associated with Korah, together with their possessions. They went down alive into the realm of the dead, with everything they owned; the earth closed over them, and they perished and were gone from the community. At their cries, all the Israelites around them fled, shouting, “The earth is going to swallow us too!” And fire came out from the Lord and consumed the 250 men who were offering the incense.”

This wasn’t the end of the line for all of Korah’s family though. We read in Numbers 26.9-11, 

“…Nemuel, Dathan, and Abiram. These are the Dathan and Abiram, chosen from the congregation, who contended against Moses and Aaron in the company of Korah, when they contended against the Lord and the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them up together with Korah, when that company died, when the fire devoured the 250 men, and they became a warning. But the sons of Korah did not die.”

Some of Korah’s family live on. Now, how would many people feel about God if they had watched their family and possessions swallowed up by the earth? A horrific event like that might make them bitter, angry, and traumatized. What a cruel and selfish God. 

Interestingly enough, the sons of Korah are responsible for writing a few of the Psalms. They aren’t laments reflecting back on how God had treated them unfairly. In fact, it seems as though they had their eyes opened to the character of God. He is holy and they are in awe of their awesome Father. 

Here are a few segments taken from Psalm 84, written by the sons of Korah. 

Verses 1-2 

“How lovely is your dwelling place,
    Lord Almighty!

My soul yearns, even faints,
    for the courts of the Lord;
my heart and my flesh cry out
    for the living God.”

Verse 4 

“Blessed are those who dwell in your house; 
    they are ever praising you.”

Really? Blessed? Ever praising Him? 

Verse 10 

“Better is one day in your courts
    than a thousand elsewhere;
I would rather be a doorkeeper in the house of my God
    than dwell in the tents of the wicked.”

The language does not reflect a family who has witnessed tragedy brought on by the hand of God. It seems they were spared because the Lord saw something inside them that wasn’t found in the hearts of the others. A heart willing to repent and live differently. God knew they could handle rebuke and had a sincere desire to live righteously. It’s been speculated that perhaps they were too young to understand why their father and the other Levitical leaders were outraged. Maybe they thought they were a part of a just cause? After all, these evil men were in a position of authority. They were their teachers. How could 250 religious rulers be wrong? Whatever the reasons, God proved to be right again. 

There are people in this world who don’t understand the righteousness of the Lord. This lack of knowledge leads to terrible—often costly, decisions, and lifestyles. 

If you ever find yourself questioning God and His Law we should look in rather than up for who’s to blame. History proves time and again that God is never the issue— we are. Sin, injustice, unfairness, and evil are human inventions. God has given us His son as the solution and in Him we find answers. Those answers bring us satisfaction and peace every time. 

Water well dating back to the early 1800s. Location, Valhermoso Springs hotel. 
Lacey’s Spring, Alabama 

Jehoshaphat’s People

Neal Pollard

One of the last great periods of spiritual revival in Judah’s history before Babylonian Captivity occurred during the reign of Jehoshaphat.  This king is praised for seeking God, following His commandments, and not acting like Israel (2 Ch. 17:3-4). Jehoshaphat was greatly blessed by these decisions, he took pride in the Lord’s ways and sought to eradicate idolatry (5-6).  In the third year of his reign, Jehoshaphat sent his officials, the priests, and the Levites throughout Judah.  What we read in 2 Chronicles 17:9 is exemplary for us today.

  • They “taught.”  Men of varying backgrounds, abilities, personalities, and occupations united in the valuable enterprise of teaching. In all, 16 men are named as those who were tasked with this important job. Whatever we don’t know about them, we do know they were teachers.  Their work was so important that God saw fit to include them by name in His Book!  Certainly He still holds knowledgeable, diligent teachers in high regard today.  What a thrill it must be for Him to see His children willing and able to teach (cf. 1 Pe. 3:14-15). 
  • They taught “in Judah…among the people.” What was Judah? It was the place where God’s people resided. Strong churches have good teachers teaching them.  There is a resounding benefit when people get together and are subjected to healthy, beneficial teaching.  As it was then, so it is now.
  • They taught in Judah “having the book of the law of the Lord with them.” Jehoshaphat wanted to ensure the spiritual literacy of his subjects, knowing God wanted that, too. God still longs for His people to know, show, and grow (2 Pe. 3:18). Too often, our teaching can lack a biblical focus.  We do not need more “what I thinks” and “what happened to me’s.” We need more rich teaching from “the book of the law of the Lord.”

Despite some later foolish and even sinful choices, Jehoshaphat was on target to send teachers for Judah’s benefit.  In the end, he instituted needed, helpful reforms, and relied on God in prayer.  He fell short, but perhaps it was his anchor in the law of God that kept him from drifting away from Him.  Our hope and future is tied to how faithfully we follow God, but we must know what God wants to do that.  And we can only know what God wants by knowing His Word. God bless the teachers that help us to do just that!