God’s Use Of A Persian King (45:1-25)
Neal Pollard
Isaiah writes in the 8th Century B.C. about a man who would reign nearly 200 years later. He calls him by his name (4), which is a Persian rather than a Jewish name. It must have seemed strange to Isaiah’s audience given not just the man’s ethnicity but his nation’s relative obscurity at the time of the prophet’s writing. Much of this chapter is devoted to explaining how Cyrus’ rise and his benevolent actions is a clear, powerful statement about the greatness and uniqueness of God.
DIVINE DIRECTION (1-8). Isaiah walks through God’s plan to accomplish His will through Cyrus. He calls him His “anointed” (the Hebrew word “messiah”). That He will be with and empower this Persian is graphically explained: “whose right hand I have grasped, to subdue nations before him and to loose the belts of kings, to open doors before him that gates may not be closed” (1). God tells the nation what He will do through Cyrus (2-3) and that He does so for their sake and so they will know His power and love (4-8). The reason behind all of this is to turn the heart of His people back toward Him, that they would trust and obey Him. It is interesting to read the ancient historian Josephus, who writes that Cyrus read the book of Isaiah prompting him to order the rebuilding of the temple and even its dimensions (Antiquities XI.5-7; XV.386).
DIVINE SOVERIGNTY (9-13). A natural response to what we read in the first eight verses is, “Why?” Why use a foreign king and speak so favorably of him? Why make such a plan? God explains by pointing out His sovereignty, His supreme and ultimate power. It is like clay arguing with a potter or a child questioning its parents concerning how or why it came to be (9-10). God has absolute right as Creator to do as He pleases (11-13), and the rest of this chapter demonstrates that He can be trusted to act in only righteous and perfect ways. That includes His utilization of Cyrus in His plans (13).
DIVINE SALVATION (14-25). I like James Smith’s analysis of this plan of salvation articulated by Isaiah. Taking verses 9-25 together, Smith says:
- God’s plan was unchallengeable in its origin (9ff).
- God’s plan was consistent in its direction (11-13).
- God’s plan was universal in its scope (14).
- God’s plan was certain in its result (15-17).
- God’s plan was rational in its design (18-25).
(Major Prophets, 134).
While the prophecy about Cyrus would be fulfilled in 536 B.C. and the temple would be completed in 520, there is with Isaiah a look at ultimate salvation. The justification and salvation Isaiah writes of in this more specific sense would be brought about through the God whose character and nature would be most perfectly shown in the coming of the Messiah, Jesus of Nazareth. Isaiah is looking forward, not just a few hundred years but over 700 years to the coming of the Savior. Do you see glimpses of this is statements like, “To me every knee will bow, every tongue will swear allegiance” (23b; Phil. 2:10-11)?
Isaiah’s audience trusted in Assyria and Egypt to be their Savior. They could not pick for themselves a deliverer better than God could. Cyrus would prove this point, but Jesus would be the ultimate demonstration of this truth!
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